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Gross Anatomy 1 > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have and what do they all articulate with

A

12 and they all articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

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2
Q

What does the thoracic cage contain

A
  1. Ribs and costal cartilage
  2. Sternum
  3. Thoracic vertebrae
  4. Pectoral girdle
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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

A
  1. Body of T1
  2. 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilages
  3. Superior body of the manubrium
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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A
  1. Body of T12
  2. 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
  3. Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (costal margin)
  4. Xiphisternal joint
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5
Q

What vertebra/vertebrae does the head of the 7th rib articulate with

A

T6 and T7

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6
Q

What vertebra/vertebrae does the tubercle of the 7th rib articulate with

A

T7

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7
Q

What are the true ribs and describe their connection to the sternum

A

1-7 and they connect directly via their own costal cartilage

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8
Q

What are the false ribs and describe their connection to the sternum

A

8-10 and they connect indirectly via costal cartilage of the ribs above

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9
Q

What are the floating ribs and describe their connection to the sternum

A

11 and 12 and they have no connection

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10
Q

What are the typical ribs

A

3-9

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11
Q

What are the atypical ribs

A

1, 2, and 10-12

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12
Q

Describe the appearance of a typical rib head

A

Wedge shaped; contains 2 articular facets separated by crest

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13
Q

What does the head of a rib articulate with

A

Body of its own vertebra and of the vertebra above, and with the IV disc via the crest

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14
Q

What does the tubercle of a rib articulate with

A

Transverse process of their own vertebra

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15
Q

What is the costal angle

A

The most curved part of the body of the rib

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16
Q

Where is the costal groove located and what does it provide

A

Inferior and posterior part of the bone; provides protection for neurovascular structures

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17
Q

Describe the common difference in the 1st, 10th, 11th and 12th ribs

A

Contain a single facet as they only articulate with one vertebra each

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18
Q

What is a difference in the 2nd rib

A

Contains a tuberosity for the serratus anterior muscle

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19
Q

Describe the difference in just the 11th and 12th ribs

A

They are short with no neck or tubercle

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20
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid process
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21
Q

What are the joints in the sternum

A
  1. Manubriosternal (sternal angle)

2. Xiphisternal

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22
Q

What rib attaches at the sternal angle

A

2nd

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23
Q

What rib attaches at the xiphisternal joint

A

7th

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24
Q

What joint forms between the vertebral bodies and what does it allow

A

A secondary cartilagenous joint; allows bodies to move against one another (IV disc)

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25
What joint forms between the articular facets of the vertebra and what does it allow
A synovial plane joint (zygapophysial joint); allows for a lot of lateral rotation
26
Describe the different sternocostal joints
1. Primary cartilagenous joint in rib 1 | 2. Synovial plane joints in ribs 2-7
27
Describe the different interchondral joints
1. Synovial plane joints between ribs 6&7, 7&8 and 8&9 2. Fibrous joint between ribs 9&10
28
What are the different respiratory movements in the ribs, and which ribs complete which movement
1. Ribs 1-6 = pump handle movement | 2. Ribs 7-12 = bucket handle movement
29
Describe the movement of the upper ribs
Happens anteriorly at the distal end of the ribs, anterior to the sternum; ribs move up and out
30
Describe the movement of the lower ribs
Occurs more laterally; ribs flare outwards
31
Describe the changes in dimension of structures during respiratory movement
1. Sternum moves anteriorly and superiorly 2. Lower ribcage moves laterally 3. Diaphragm descends
32
What are the main thoracic wall muscles involved in respiratory movements
1. Intercostal 2. Subcostal 3. Transversus thoracis
33
What are the secondary muscles involved in respiratory movements
1. Scalene | 2. Serratus posterior (superior and inferior)
34
What are the superficial muscles involved in respiratory movements
1. Pectoral 2. Serratus anterior (attachment to the 2nd rib) 3. External oblique 4. Rectus abdominis
35
Name the 5 upper limb and anterior abdominal wall muscles
1. Pectoralis major 2. Pectoralis minor 3. External oblique 4. Serratus anterior 5. Rectus abdominis
36
Describe the attachment of the pectoralis major
Very broad attachment along the sternum and the ribs; distal attachment to the humerus
37
Describe the attachment of the pectoralis minor
Attaches to some of the ribs and the coracoid process of the scapula
38
Name the 5 posterior thoracic wall muscles
1. Anterior scalene 2. Middle scalene 3. Posterior scalene 4. Serratus posterior superior 5. Serratus posterior inferior
39
What are the 3 layers of intercostal muscle (starting with the most superficial)
1. External intercostal 2. Internal intercostal 3. Innermost intercostal
40
Describe the orientation of the external intercostal muscles and where they attach
1. Fibres pass downwards and forwards | 2. Attach to tubercles of ribs to costochondral junction
41
What is the function of the external intercostal muscles
They raise the ribs in inspiration
42
Describe the orientation of the internal intercostal muscles and where they attach
1. Fibres pass downwards and backwards | 2. Attach from the sternum to the angle of the ribs
43
What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles
1. Interosseous part depresses the ribs | 2. Interchondral part raises the ribs
44
Describe the orientation of the innermost intercostal muscles and where they are located
1. Fibres pass downwards and backwards | 2. Deep to the lateral part of the internal intercostal muscles
45
Where are the subcostal muscles located and how far do they span
1. Near the angle of the ribs | 2. Spans 1 or 2 intercostal spaces
46
Where does the transversus thoracis muscle span
Radiates from the sides of the sternum to costal cartilages 2-6
47
Where is the neurovascular plane located between the ribs
Between the internal and innermost muscles
48
What is the arrangement of vessels and nerves in the intercostal space
``` Intercostal 1. Vein (superior) 2. Artery 3. Nerve (inferior) run in the costal groove ```
49
Where do the posterior intercostal arteries originate from
The thoracic aorta; apart from 1 and 2
50
What does the anterior thoracic arteries supply and where does it originate from
1. The anterior region of the thoracic cavity | 2. The internal thoracic artery
51
Describe where the first 2 posterior intercostal arteries originate from
The supreme intercostal artery; branch of costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery
52
What does the superior epigastric artery supply
The anterior abdominal wall
53
Describe the anterior venous drainage system
Anterior intercostal veins -> internal thoracic vein -> brachiocephalic vein
54
Describe the posterior venous drainage system
Posterior intercostal veins -> azygous venous system -> superior vena cava
55
Where does the breast tissue anchor on the thoracic wall
At the connective tissue of the overlapping pectoral muscle
56
What nodes does the majority (75%) of lymph drain to from the breast
Axillary lymph nodes
57
Where does less than 25% of lymph drain to from the breast
Parasternal nodes and some to the abdominal nodes
58
Describe the venous drainage in the breast
Through the medial and lateral mammary veins
59
What vessels originate from the lateral thoracic artery that supply the breast
Lateral mammary branches
60
What vessels originate from the internal thoracic artery that supply the breast
Medial mammary branches

Gross Anatomy 1 (18 decks)

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