PMCH

Question 1

Odds Ratio

Answer 1

Question 2

Positive PPD

Answer 2

PPD = purified protein derivative. If you have a positive PPD, it means you have been exposed to a person who has tuberculosis and you are now infected with the bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis) that causes the disease.

Next step = CXR

Question 3

Colorectal screening

Answer 3

Question 4

Nationally reportable STI’s

Answer 4

Chlamydia (most common)

gonorrhea (second most common

infectious syphillis

All 3 have a steady incline of in rates

Question 5

Pandemic

Answer 5

epidemic or outbreak accross a wide area, crossing international borders and affecting a large number of people

Question 6

outbreak

Answer 6

occurence of new cases in excess of baseline disease frequency in a population in a given period of time

Question 7

Endemic

Answer 7

The constant presence of a disease of infectious agent in a given area or population

Question 8

epidemic

Answer 8

synonymous with outbreak - excessive numbers of a disease from baseline in a given time

Question 9

Virulence

Answer 9

the degree of pathogenicity of an infectious agent, indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of teh agent to invade and damage tissues of the host

Question 10

pathogenicity

Answer 10

the property of an infectious agent that determines the extent to which overt disease is produced in an infected population, or the power of an organism to produce disease

Question 11

pneumococcal vaccination recommendations

Answer 11

routine vaccination for healthy adults over 65 years.

patients over 2 years with chronic conditions

patients who are immunocompromised

Question 12

chance-corrected agreement

Answer 12

Question 13

expectation of life in Canada has improved steadily in both sexes due to

Answer 13

decline in infant mortality

Question 14

legal negligance

Answer 14

legal term that reflects errors which occur outside the accepted medical practice. duty, breech, causation and damages are all elements of a negligant claim which can only be made by a judge

Question 15

malpractice

Answer 15

specifically relates to the care not within the accepted guidelines

Question 16

true negative

Answer 16

True negative test result is one that does not detect the condition when the condition is absent

Question 17

False negative

Answer 17

Test result is one that does not detect the condition when the condition is present

Question 18

True positive

Answer 18

True positive test result is one that detects the condition when the condition is present

Question 19

False positive

Answer 19

a test result which detects the condition when the condition is absent

Question 20

Sensitivity

Answer 20

Measures the ability of a test to detect the condition when the disease is present

Question 21

specificity

Answer 21

measures the ability of a test to correctly exclude the condition when the disease is absent

(TN/ (TN+FP)) x 100%

Question 22

Positive predictive value

Answer 22

the proportion of positives that correspond to the presence of the condition

Question 23

Negative predictive value

Answer 23

the proportion of negatives that correspond to the absence of the condition

Question 24

Lead time bias

Answer 24

overestimation of the survival of patients diagnosed with a screen-detected condition. Earlier detection of conditions gives appearance of longer survival

Question 25

cardiovascular risk factors

Answer 25

women >65 years

smoking

total cholesterol over 6.5

diabetes type 2

family history of premature CVD

ischaemic stroke

TIA

MI

Angina

LVH

proteinuria

haemorrhages or exudates

high risk ethnic group

dissecting aneurysm

HTN

Question 26

lifetime risk of prostate Ca

Answer 26

1 in 50

Question 27

half life of psa

Answer 27

2.2 days

Question 28

The score

Answer 28

Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation

selects patients who are appropriate for DEXA screening

Question 29

risk factors linked to colorectal cancer

Answer 29

Age

Diet

Smoking

Alcohol

weight

colorectal polyps

race

Question 30

domestic violence stats

Answer 30

20% chronic domestic violence starts before marraige

1/4-1/3 relationships experience domestic violence

90% children witness the violence

50% of children are victims to the violence

alcohol is a risk factor for domestic violence as it is used as an excuse

other factors include work and financial stress

Question 31

aboriginal smoking, gambling, drinking rates

Answer 31

20% >15’s are problem gamblers

fetal alcohol syndrome 300x higher

2x smoking rates

Question 32

Modernisation of canada has led to aboriginals losing..

Answer 32

land

Autonomy

their traditional wy of life

Question 33

what can be counted as act of negligence in the delivery of health care?

Answer 33

failure to attend a patient

failure to communicate with other physicians

failure to protect of forewarn third parties

failure to report abuse

failures in consultation

failures in diagnosis

failures in re diagnosis

failures in referral

substandard treatment

Question 34

in order to successfully prove neglienge a plantiff must show that

Answer 34

the defendant owed him or her a duty of care

the defendant did not deliver the standard of care owed

the plantiffs injuries were easily foreseeable

the defendants breech of the duty of care was the proximate cause of the plantiffs injuries