Pneumonia and ARDS Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are some risk factors for Pneumonia?
- Increasing age, smoking and alcohol use
- Comorbidities, poor oral hygiene, surgery
What are some risk factors for Pneumonia?
- Increasing age, smoking, alcohol use
- Comorbidities, poor oral hygiene, surgery
Pathogenesis for Pneumonia
- Pathogen enters nasopharynx and makes its way to lower airways via inhalation
- Transitions from colonization to infection
What factors affect if the pathogen transitions from colonization to infection of the lower respiratory tract with pneumonia?
Host factors and Pathogen factors
Lung homeostasis depends on a balance between?
- Immune resistance - eliminate microbes
2. Tissue resilience - resolve tissue damage
Lung homeostasis depends on a balance between?
- Immune resistance
2. Tissue resilience
Symptoms of Pneumonia?
Cough with sputum production, dyspnea, chest pain and fatigue
Cough with sputum production, dyspnea, chest pain and fatigue can suggest?
Pneumonia
Pneumonia symptoms do not predict the outcome except for what 2 things?
- Delirium = increased mortality
- Pleuritic chest pain = increased pleural effusion risk
How do you diagnose Pneumonia?
- Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection with acute onset
- New infiltrates on CXR
Besides a history and CXR, what else can be used to diagnose Pneumonia?
- Microbiology tests
- Covid/influenza testing
- CBC, CMP, CRP, procalcitonin
Microbiology tests are usually used when, when diagnosing Pneumonia?
Hospitalized patients/ICU
First treatment for Pneumonia?
Empirical therapy for most likely pathogens
– narrow down once testing results comes back
Empirical therapy for NON-severe community acquired pneumonia?
- Beta lactam + Macrolide
OR - Respiratory fluoroquinolone alone
Empirical therapy for severe community acquired pneumonia?
- Beta lactam + Macrolide
OR - Beta lactam + Respiratory Fluoroquinolone
When treating Pneumonia, what coverage could you add?
MRSA
Pseudomonas
When treating Pneumonia, when should you add MRSA or Pseudomonas coverage?
If recently hospitalized, on a parenteral antibiotic or at high risk for infection
– Also if due to aspiration
Besides empirical therapy, what are some more treatment options to add for Pneumonia?
- Corticosteroids = severe CAP/inflammation
- Oxygen
- Non-invasive ventilation
If you are going to add Corticosteroids to Pneumonia treatment, what needs to be ruled out first?
Influenza
What are the 3 complications of Pneumonia?
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
- Increased susceptibility of infection
- Decreased cognition/functional status
What are the 3 complications of Pneumonia?
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
- Increased susceptibility for infection
- Decreased cognition/functional status
What vaccinations can help prevent Pneumonia?
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Imbalance of fluid forces create a _____ effusion
Transudative
Inflammatory and malignant processes that increase permeability create a ______ effusion
Exudative
