PNS I Flashcards
(14 cards)
GENERAL TYPES OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY
__________
axons are the primary target of the damage in this large group of peripheral neuropathies
axonal neuropathies
GENERAL TYPES OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY
axonal neuropathies
the morphologic hallmarks of axonal neuropathies can be pronounced experimentally by cutting peripheral nerve, which results in a prototypical pattern of injury described as __________
wallerian injury
GENERAL TYPES OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY
___________
in these disorders, Schwann cells with their myelin sheaths are the primary targets of damage
demyelinating injury
GENERAL TYPES OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY
_____________
neuronopathies result from destruction of neurons leading to secondary degeneration of axonal processes
neuronopathies
ANATOMIC PATTERNS OF NEUROPATHIES
____________: affect a single nerve and result in deficits in a restricted distribution dictated by nerve anatomy.
____________: are characterized by involvement of multiple nerves usually in a symmetric fashion.
____________: describes a disease process that damages individual nerves in a haphazard fashion
____________: affect nerve roots as well as peripheral nerves, leading to diffuse symmetric symptoms in proximal and distal parts of the body
mononeuropathies
polyneuropathies
mononeuritis multiplex
polyradiculoneuropathies
SPECIFIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
Inflammatory Neuropathies
Guillian-Barre syndrome (Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy)
______________ is an immunologically mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy that may lead to life threatening respiratory paralysis
Guillian-Barre syndrome
SPECIFIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Pathogenesis
Infections with ___________, cytomegaolovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and ___________ as well as prior vaccination have significant epidemiologic associations with Guillain-Barre
campylobacter jejuni
mycoplasma pneumoniae
SPECIFIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Morphology
the dominant finding in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin is ________________
Clinical Features
The clinical picture is dominated by ascending _________ and _________
inflammation of peripheral nerves
ascending paralysis
areflexia
ANATOMIC PATTERNS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
________
this is the most common chronic acquired inflammatory peripheral neuropathy, characterized by symmetric mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy that persists for 2 months or more
Pathogenesis
_________ as well as antibodies are implicated in the inflammatory process
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
T-cells
ANATOMIC PATTERNS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
Neuropathy associated with ___________
______ is a noninfectious inflammation of blood vessels that can involve and damage peripheral nerves
vascultis
INFECTIOUS NEUROPATHIES
Leprosy Hansen diseases
Peripheral nerves are involved in both lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy
In lepromatous leprosy __________ are invaded by mycobacterium leprae which proliferate and eventually infect other cells
_______ is characterized by an active-cell mediated immune response to M leprae that usually manifests as dermal nodules containing granulomatous inflammation
Lepromatous leprosy
Tuberculoid leprosy
INFECTIOUS NEUROPATHIES
_________ is one of the most common viral infections of the PNS
here it infects keratinocytes leading to a painful, vesicular skin eruption in a distribution that follows sensory dermatomes (shingles)
varicella zoster
OTHER METABOLIC, HORMONAL, AND NUTRITIONAL NEURPATHIES
_________. most individuals with renal failure have a peripheral neuropathy
_____. Hypothyroidism can lead to compression mononeuropathies such as carpal tunnel syndrome
______. classically results in subacute combined degeneration with damage to long tracts in the spinal cord
______. have been associated with peripheral neurpathy
uremic
thyroid dysfunction
vitamin B12 CYANOCOBALAMIN deficiency
deficiencies of vitamin B1, B6, folate copper, and zinc
