Poisoning

Question 1

The most commonly ingested medications in poisoning are

Answer 1

*opioids
*benzodiazepines
*acetaminophen
*ibuprofen
*diphenhydramine

Question 2

In the emergency department, the best method to deactivate a swallowed poison is

Answer 2

administration of activated charcoal, either orally or by NG tube.

Question 3

is supplied as a fine black powder that is mixed with water for administration

Answer 3

Activated Charcoal

Question 4

is an over-the-counter medication used for fevers that is frequently involved in childhood poisoning.

Answer 4

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Question 5

Acetaminophen poisoning symptoms:

Answer 5

Develops the following:
*anorexia
*Nausea
*vomiting

Question 6

liver may feel tender on palpation as

Answer 6

liver toxicity occurs

Question 7

A mucolytic agent and the specific antidote for acetaminophen poisoning

Answer 7

Activated Charcoal or acetylcysteine

Question 8

prevents hepatotoxicity by binding with the breakdown product of acetaminophen so that it will not bind to liver cells.

Answer 8

Acetylcysteine

Question 9

If the child is admitted to an observation unit due to Acetaminophen poisoning,what to do?

Answer 9

*continue to observe for jaundice, tenderness over the liver
*assess ALT and AST levels

Question 10

ingestion of a strong alkali

Answer 10

caustic poisoning

Question 11

component in toilet bowl cleaners or hair care produces

Answer 11

“lye”

Question 12

After a caustic ingestion, the child has immediate

Answer 12

pain in the mouth and throat and drools saliva

Question 13

This can occur as quickly as 20 minutes after a burn due to caustic poisoning

Answer 13

Pharyngeal Edema

Question 14

What analgesic is given for caustic poisoning

Answer 14

IV Morphine

Question 15

may be ordered to determine whether the aspirated poison has caused an esophageal perforation

Answer 15

Chest X-ray

Question 16

For caustic poisoning, _______ is done to assess the lungs and esophagus

Answer 16

A laryngoscopy and Esophagoscopy under conscious sedation

Question 17

may be necessary to provide a patent airway

Answer 17

Intubation or tracheostomy

Question 18

was once a mainstay of therapy to reduce esophageal stricture

Answer 18

the use of corticosteroid such as Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Question 19

is corrosive to the gastric mucosa and leads to signs and symptoms of gastric irritation in the child

Answer 19

large amounts of Iron

Question 20

The immediate effects of Iron poisoning

Answer 20

include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Question 21

Long-term effects of Iron poisoning

Answer 21

includes gastric scarring from fibrotic tissue formation.

Question 22

is performed to remove pills not yet absorbed

Answer 22

Stomach Lavage

Question 23

may be given to help the child pass enteric-coated iron pills before they can be activated

Answer 23

Cathartic

Question 24

can help decrease gastric irritation for Iron poisoning

Answer 24

Soothing compound such as Maalox or Mylanta (aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) or a proton pump inhibitor

Question 25

If a child has ingested a potentially toxic dose of iron, a ________ can be used to remove excess iron from the body

Answer 25

exchanged transfusion

Question 26

administrating this can be effective as this combines with iron and permits excretion from the body in the urine

Answer 26

IV or IM deferoxamine

Question 27

Deferoxamine cause urine to turn to

Answer 27

color orange

Question 28

When lead enters the body, what will it do?

Answer 28

it interferes with red blood cell functioning

Question 29

plumbism

Answer 29

Lead poisoning

Question 30

the most serious effect of toxic lead content

Answer 30

lead encephalitis or inflammation of brain cells

Question 31

children in lower socioeconomic households built before ____ are at greater risk of lead poisoning

Answer 31

1978

Question 32

lead poisoning is said to be present when the child has serum levels greater than

Answer 32

5ug/dL

Question 33

ingestion of lead and chronically elevated lead levels can be identified through

Answer 33

radiology of the intestinal tract and long bones

Question 34

the usual sources of ingested lead are

Answer 34

*lead-based paint *lead-contaminated dust

Question 35

lead was banned from paint in _____

Answer 35

1978

Question 36

remove the lead from soft tissues and bones

Answer 36

Chelating agent

Question 37

children with lead levels greater than 10 to 20 ug/100 mL will be prescribed with

Answer 37

oral chelating agent such as Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or succimer

Question 38

Children with blood levels of greater than 45 ug/100 mL are treated with

Answer 38

stronger chelation therapy such as dimercaprol or edetate calcium disodium

Question 39

IM injection of edetate calcium disodium (CaEDTA) is painful and should be combined with

Answer 39

0.5 mL of procaine for administration

Question 40

CaEDTA is so effective that has a side effect of

Answer 40

removing calcium from the body

Question 41

______ has the advantage over CaEDTA of being able to remove lead from red blood cells as well as other tissues

Answer 41

Dimercaprol (BAL)