Policy and Public Health approaches to diet and NCDs Flashcards
(31 cards)
How can fiscal measures help curb poor diets?
Taxes on sugary drinks and subsidies for fruits/vegetables can influence consumer choices.
What is the goal of front-of-pack labelling?
To help consumers quickly identify healthier options using traffic-light labels or warning symbols.
How does marketing regulation help reduce obesity?
Restrictions on junk food advertising—especially to children—reduce exposure to unhealthy products.
How does urban planning support healthier lifestyles?
By creating parks,
bike lanes, and improving access to healthy foods in low-income areas.
What role does public education play in addressing nutrition transition?
Campaigns promote traditional diets and exercise; schools improve meals and teach nutrition to encourage healthy habits early.
What global framework addresses diet-related NCDs?
The WHO Global Action Plan for NCDs and SDG Target 3.4 aim to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by one-third.
What are ‘WHO Best Buys’?
Cost-effective policy options recommended by WHO to reduce diet-related NCDs, such as sugar taxes and food labelling.
What are the four major NCDs of global concern? 4
Cardiovascular diseases,
cancers,
chronic respiratory diseases,
diabetes.
What are the main modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors for NCDs? 4
Unhealthy diet,
physical inactivity,
tobacco use,
harmful alcohol use.
What intermediate conditions do NCD risk factors often lead to? 4
Obesity,
high blood pressure,
high blood glucose,
high cholesterol.
What are other contributors to NCDs besides lifestyle?
Air pollution and genetic predisposition.
What percentage of global deaths are caused by NCDs?
About 71% of all global deaths.
Where do most NCD deaths occur?
In low- and middle-income countries (about 75% of NCD deaths).
How are NCDs linked to inequality within countries?
Poorer populations face more exposure to risk factors and have less access to healthcare.
How is the rise of NCDs connected to the nutrition transition?
As diets and lifestyles change in developing regions, NCDs overtake infectious diseases as leading causes of death.
What is the ‘25 by 25’ goal?
A 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025.
What is SDG Target 3.4?
Aims to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030.
Name 3 of the 9 WHO global NCD targets.
- 30% reduction in salt intake
- 10% reduction in harmful alcohol use
- 25% reduction in raised blood pressure
What are WHO ‘Best Buy’ interventions?
Cost-effective, evidence-based strategies to reduce NCD risk factors.
What does the MPOWER package for tobacco control stand for?
Monitor,
Protect,
Offer help,
Warn,
Enforce bans,
Raise taxes.
What has MPOWER achieved in some countries?
Significant reductions in smoking rates.
What is the SHAKE package for reducing dietary salt?
Surveillance,
Harness industry,
Adopt standards,
Knowledge promotion,
Environment change.
Why is salt reduction important for NCDs?
It helps lower hypertension and stroke risk.
What are 4 policies to reduce unhealthy food/beverage intake?
- Tax sugar-sweetened drinks
- Ban trans fats
- Label food clearly
- Restrict junk food marketing
