Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Environmental Health > Policy and Risk Assessment > Flashcards

Policy and Risk Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

what is a policy

A

rules made by an agency to achieve a GOAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Law

A

ACTIONS taken to enforce policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Regulation

A

A thing that has to happen to achieve a policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Government’s announcement of policy statement

A

State of the Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who Has policies

A

government
universities
hospitals
health departments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how are policies enforced

A

consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who comes up with policies

A

presidents
boards
stakeholders help develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a stakeholders

A

someone with a financial investment
community members
community subgroups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

once policies are in place, can they change?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

policy and politics

A

always will be tied together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

some reasons single payer system would be good

A
  • public records: data about diseases easier to access if everything is coded the same way…its not now since insurance differs
  • everyone gets health care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

REVIEW PAGE 70 AND SLIDE FIGURES

A

70 and slides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How a policy is developed

A
  • define problem, why its being addressed
  • set agenda
  • establish the policy
  • implement the policy
  • assess the policy (done by an outside agency)
  • Start over…ITS A CYCLE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Policy Development by Grassroots agency

A
  • Raise awareness
  • define problem
  • Identify options
  • Select policy
  • implement policy
  • evaluate
  • repeat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whats the role of science in policy formation?

A

science give input at the awareness stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How Policy and Regulations Differ

A

POLICY: overall goals and vision
REGULATION: Actual STEPS take that result in implementation (tickets, fines, taxes, rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are we ever done with policy?

A

no, its a never ending cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is it easier to do policy prospectively or retrospectively

A

prospectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

National Global Climate Change and Energy Conservation policies

A

THERE ARE NONE :’(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Water in the SW… Tucson in the 1970s

A

tried to charge the rich people a bit more… but they have the power so that obviously did NOT work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who regulates policies?

A

Agencies

Law Enforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How Public Health is involved in Policy Formation

A
  • define and refine
  • surveys (epi)
  • sample collection (environmental)
  • analysis
  • public presentation
  • policy and management (OSHA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Goal of Environmental Policy

A

reduce human/environment risk/damage from POLLUTANT exposure

24
Q

Principles of Environmental Policy

A

precautionary
Environmental Justice
Polluter Pays
sustainability

25
precautionary
mostly in Europe must prove product is safe before marketing here products are innocent until proven guilty and can be sold until they cause a problem
26
Environmental justice
Everyone should be able to live equally clean/healthily
27
Polluter Pays
Usually they declare bankruptcy and don't :( | BP did... and now may? be being taken advantage of
28
Risk Management Steps
- Formulate problem - define objective - ID/evaluate risk management options - make decision - decision implementation - develop indicators - monitor - Outcome: reduce risk and improve health
29
Sustainability
Environmental services...planting trees if you buy a messy car
30
Hazard Model
look at properties of the hazard what is the risk exposire what is the impact/damage costs? Social, economic, values...
31
see page 74
74
32
Agency relationships
EPA tells arizona to monitor air quality arizona creates ADEQ (unfunded mandate) ADEQ creates PDEQ (and MDEQ)...largest counties pay taxes to it to go ahead with unfunded mandate so PDEQ enforces regulations made by EPA...report back up the ladder
33
unfunded mandates
Congress comes up with a plan...but doesnt have enough money for it... tells state they have to pay for it... state has to come up with something ex) EPA unfunded mandated of air quality monitoring
34
ADEQ
basically AZ EPA | Arizona Department of Environmental quality
35
PDEQ (and MDEQ)
Pima Department of Environmental Quality Pima (and Maricopa) countie residents have to pay taxes to support these agencies these agencies take care of what was mandated by the feds
36
US Fish and Wildlife services
monitor water quality related to fish and wildlife they are under the clean water act cannot do away with water by over pumping to protect endangered fish and wildlife not concrened with our drinking water
37
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
weather data
38
who/what protects potable water?
``` Safe Drinking Water Act 1974 regulates contaminants... MCLs!!!!!!! can't be exceeded in drinking water monitors sewage treatment ```
39
who/what protects water in the environment?
Clean Water Act no dumping into water sources NOT drinking water
40
Clean water act
water dumped from industry into water source cannot degrade the water body NOT HUMAN POTABLE DRINKING WATER 1972
41
Safe Drinking water act
sets MCLs to protect human health | 1974
42
National Environmental Policy Act
how to preserve the environment 1969 all branches of government must protect the environment "bugs and bunnies"
43
Toxic Substance Control Act
1976 relates to chemical releases controls liscensing of chemicals
44
why did a lot of acts come about in the (early) 1970s?
the EPA was created in the early 70's!
45
who/what deals with historically contaminated sites?
Superfund aka CERLA, SARA clean up
46
who/what protects workers
OSHA | occupational safety and health administrated
47
who/what protects endangered species
Endangered Species Act
48
Clean Air Act
regulates air quality...mobile (autos) and stationary (industry) emmission standards NAAQS SIPs MACTs AND AMMENDMENTS... started in the 50's... ammended through like the 1990s
49
NAAQS
Clean Air Act regulatory limits the (6) Primary pollutants and about 300 HAPs (hazardous air pollutants) tells you how much you can have
50
SIPs
State Implementation Plans has to be developed if a NAAQ is exceeded...tells government how you will come into compliance with the laws whatever you are implementing MUST BE COST EFFECTIVE arsenic and water... water company can't afford to give good water
51
MACTs
Maximum acheivable control Technology standards
52
CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act 1980 nicknamed Superfund clean-up and polluter pays
53
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act "Community Right to Know Act" 1976
54
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
1996 children... food exposure standards need to be regulated differently have to be 10X more regulatory for children pesticide distribution and registration... reevauate them every 5 years
55
Endangered Species Act
1973 CONSERVE protected animals/plants no taking
56
6 primary pollutants
``` Nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide PM lead CO Ozone ```

Environmental Health (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions