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Study Types Flashcards

1
Q

IH Mantra

A

anticipate
recognize
evaluate
control/mitigate

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2
Q

environmental justice: how to do it

A

-listen to community and investigate their concerns. but also make them understand you still have to do science

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3
Q

working with communities

A
  • MUST negotiate

- Educate the community

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4
Q

impediments to achieving environmental equity in community

A

language

desires/comfort of field team (to fix: send in pairs, make sure 1 speaks the language)

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5
Q

CBPR

A

Community Based Participatory Research

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6
Q

considerations for Community Aid

A

environmental justice!
Community concerns
differences in power?
Impediments?

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7
Q

What is CBPR

A

research done WITH (not TO) the community

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8
Q

Principles of CBPR

A
  • the community (unit of identity)
  • build on strengths and resources within the community
  • facillitate collab, equitable involvement of AL parterns in phases of reasearch (pay community memebers to help)
  • Integrae knowledge and mutual benefits for all partners
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9
Q

More principles of CBPR

A
  • co-learning and empowering=change social inequalities
  • make it a cyclical, iteraative process
  • address health from positive and negative (ecological) perspective
  • report findings to ALL partners
  • long term commitment by all partners
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10
Q

another study type (other than CBPR)

A

PPS: Population Proportional to Size

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11
Q

PPS

A 
Proportional to Size
NOT exclusively community based
more scientific
apply state wide (or further)
NHEXAS, NHANES
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12
Q

what does NHANES do

A

changes clothing sizes based on sizes of americans
National Health and Nutrtrition E Survey

nation wide done by the CDC

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13
Q

NHEXAS

A

sampled every county in AZ for metals, pesticides, VOCS, etc…. multimedia, multipathway

used random Census tracs…can throw out and replace if you have rules before hand

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14
Q

Nogales Water Study

A

find notes on this

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15
Q

Children’s Exposure to Pesticide

A

find notes on this

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16
Q

Yavapai Water

A

find notes on this

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17
Q

NHEXAS

A

find notes on this

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18
Q

NHEXAS/ABS Food

A

find notes on this

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19
Q

tools for community studies

A 
Epi
HBHP (community input)
Data Collection (micro, chm)
Biostat analysis
Health/community Ed. Program
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20
Q

Enivronmental Health exs

A

Energy/climage: nrg, carbon footprint
Water/climate
Green Areas (Native plants)
Pollution Reduction Waste Management

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21
Q

Built Environment

A

Historic Preservation (sense of place)
Insfrastructure/cost
Redevelopment (housing)
Land use/Transportation

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22
Q

Study Types (epi)

A 
case series
cross sectional 
ecological 
case control 
Population proportional to size
cohort
case cross-over
23
Q

Vision of NEXHAS?

A

select representative pop. and get measurements needed to get total exposure assessment. enhance quality of policy formation

24
Q

Goal of NEXHAS

A

define high end (upper 10th percentile) of multimedia, multipathway exposure distribution for the pop

25
ID and understand these components of CBPR
- community ID'd problem - Community expertise in design/recruitment - Implementation - Interpretation of data - development of resolution strategy - implementation strategy
26
where did the money go for the study she talked about conducted by UA?
- UA - community - personelle doing things - the lab
27
NEXHAS...what did the upper 10th percentile show?
thats the people who have a really high exposure to metals, VOCs, and pesticides in AZ
28
NEXHAS planning
- study multimedia/exposures in every county in AZ - Had to randomize all of the census tracts (selected 50 of like 12 grand)...ended up being representative - needed 75% response rate...have to respect people's right to say no
29
can you throw out census tracts?
NEXHAS did if there was 1 person or less on a certain amount of land had to throw out tribal lands too because the tribes didnt want them there if someone says no... you have to find a similar family in the same geographic area
30
is the census always right?
its only done every 10 years... people may live in places that were not developed when the last census happened
31
primary sampling NEXHAS
total random samples of units in Arizona started with every county in Arizona, randomized the 12,000 census tracts and selected 50
32
secondary sampling NEXHAS
census block GROUPS blocks of houses in community chose blocks
33
tertiary sampling NEXHAS
randomize houses in census BLOCK, select 5, then just 3 of those
34
county missed by NEXHAS
La Paz... it wasn't a county when they started...Yuma County split into it too Parker...its on a reservation
35
65% of land in AZ
either not developed or reservation land
36
county missed by AZ border survey?
Pima... you could only sample super close to the border, but there were either national parks here or reservation land, so they couldnt get anyone from pima county
37
NHEXAS demographics
41% hispanics in AZ...census said only 20% (now they say 36%)
38
Representativeness of NEXHAS: Age
20% pop between 6-17...good with census | PEOPLE UNDER 6 NOT REPRESENTED IN THIS SURVEY!
39
Representativeness of NEXHAS: household vs. indiv level
totally representative at household level | NOT at indiv level
40
Representativeness of NEXHAS: ex of Hispanic men
The men were not cool with their blood being taken... worried they'd be caught with an STD 75% female in border study, only 25% male bc they wouldnt do blood
41
participation in studies
Everyone has opportunity to participate Everyone has right NOT to participate have to do sampled people analysis since you dont get what you want
42
How NEXHAS study worked
scientists were in the homes for a week | collected stuff from people acting normally
43
samples collected in NEXHAS study
``` 8hrs of questionairs diet diary food/beverage samples duplicate diets biomarkers from blood and feces air samples particulate matter soil floor dust ```
44
NEXHAS Stage 1
baseline questionairre
45
NEXHAS Stage 2
questionairre, food/activity diaries, screening data and samples
46
NEXHAS Stage 3
``` intesnive environmental sampling biomarkers duplicate diets water questionairres ```
47
what is most urbanized state in the country?
ARIZONA | most people live in PHX, TUC, FLAG, Prescott, Yuma
48
NEXHAS results
% of HOUSES that have DETECTABLE level (anything bellow detection value is a "0")
49
high end of CONC of arsenic... what was the biggest issue?
FOOD
50
body's uptake of arsenic...wort media?
AIR...food problem is metabolized by liver, so it doesnt do as much damage as air does
51
mining vs. non-mining towns: Arsenic NEXHAS
people in non mining towns had 33 micrograms per day | in mining towns: 70 micrograms
52
community as a limit
community must be willing in order to get a representaive sample
53
single media studies pros and cons
P: address specific issue C: fail to reflect accurate exposure and link to health outcomes
54
accuracy, complexity, and expenditure of study are...
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Environmental Health (6 decks)

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