POLITICAL DIVISIONS-PERSONAL RULE+ THE SHORT PARLIAMENT Flashcards
(14 cards)
- HOW LONG DID CHARLES’ PERSONAL RULE LAST?
-1629-40
- DURING CHARLES’ PERSONAL RULE, THERE WASNT A PARLIAMENT SO THE PRIVY COUNCIL GAINED GREATER IMPORTANCE
- TO ENFORCE CHARLES’ WILL AND THAT OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL THERE WERE 2 PREROGATIVE COURTS, THE STAR CAHMBER AND THE HIGH COMMISSION
- THE STAR CHAMBER- CHARLES COULD HOLD CASES IN SECRET
- THE HIGH COMMISION-USED BY LAUD TO ENFORCE CONFORMITY
-WHAT WERE CHARLES’ FINANCIAL POLICIES DURING PERSONAL RULE?
- BY 1629 CHARLES HAD A DEBT OF £2 MILLION
- THE PLAN WAS TO RAISE REVENUE BY CUTTING EXPENDIDTURE
-SAVINGS WERE ACHIEVED BY SECURING PEACE WITH FRANCE(1629) AND SPAIN(1630) THROUGH THE TREATIES OF SUSA AND MADRID
-REFORM OPF COURT FINANCE
-SOURCES OF CROWN INCOM WEERE: - RECUSANCY FINES
*CUSTOMS DUTIES
*FEUDAL DUES
*MONOPOLIES
-WHAT WAS SHIP MONEY?
- PREROGATIVE FORM OF INCOME USED IN TIMES OF EMERGENCY TO FUND THE NAVY
-SHIPP MONEY RAISED AN AVERAGE OF £200,000 A YEAR(3 PARLIAMENTARY SUBSIDIES)
-MULTIPLE KINGDOM CRISIS 1637-42- OPPOSITION TO PERSONAL RULE IN SCOTLAND,IRELAND AND ENGLAND- WHY WAS CHARLES THE CAUSE OFN THE SCOTTISH CIVIL WAR?
-HE CUT HIMSELF OFF FROM SCOTTISH OPINION AND IGNORED GROWING DISCONTENT
- HIS IMPOSITION OF RELIGIOUS UNIFORMITY ALIENATED THE SC0TS
-MULTIPLE KINGDOM CRISIS 1637-42- OPPOSITION TO PERSONAL RULE IN SCOTLAND,IRELAND AND ENGLAND- HOW AND WHEN DID THE SCOTTISH CIVIL WAR START?
-IN 1637 SOME SCOTTISH BISHOPS ARMED THEMSELVES WHEN THEYB HAD TO READ TH NEW LAUDIASN PRAYER BOOK, WHEN IT EWAQS READ FOR THE FIRTS TIME A PROTEST TURNED INTO A RIOT THAT SPREAD AND CHARLES AND THE PRIVY COUNCIL WERE FORCED TO ABANDON EDINBURGH
- CHARLES DID NOT BACK DOWN IN RESPONSE TO THE REVOLT AND ION 1638 THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL COVENANT WAS MADE
- WHAT WAS THE 1638 SCOTTISH NATIONAL COVENANT?
-A MANIFESTO TO UNITE AGAINST CHARLES RELIGIOUS POLICIES AND MAINTAIN PRESBYTERIANISM AS THE MAIN SCOTTISH RELIGION, THOSE WHO SIGNED UP TO THE MANIFESTO WERE KNOWN AS COVENANTORS
- WHAT WAS THE TURNING OF THE SCOTTISH REBELLION TO ARMED CONFLICT CALLED?
- THE BISHOP WARS (1639-40)
- WHY WAS CHARLES’ ARMY NOT READY NOT READY UNTIL 1639?
-BECAUSE HE ENCOUNTERED PROBLEMS COLLECTING SHIP MONEY
- NOT WANTING TO RECALL PARLIAMENT TO SOLVE HIS FINANCIAL ISSUES, CHARLES NEGOTIATED THE TRUCE OF BERWICK in 1639- A PEACE DEAL
- WHO WAS THOMAS WENTWORTH?
- IN 1639, THOMAS WENTWORTH BECAME THE LORD DEPUTY OF IRELAND
- HIS NGOAL WAS TO DEVELOP CLOSER RELATIONS WITH CONFLICTING INTEREST GROUPS
- WHAT WAS CHARLES’ RELATIONSHIP WITH THE IRISH PARLIAMENT LIKE?
- WENTWORTH DEVELOPED A GOOD RELATIONS WITH THE IRISH PARLIAMENT TO THE POINT WHERE THEY GRANTED SUBSIDIES TO THE ENGLISH
- WENTWORTH MANANGED TO GET THE IRISH PARLIAMENT TO DOUBLE THE RATE OF CUSTOMS DUTIES WITHA ANEW BOOK OF RATES IN
-WHO WERE THE OLD ENGLISH?
-CATHOLIC SETTLERS WHO WERE THE DESCENDANTS OF MEDIEVAL ENGLISH SETTLERS
- FOR THE MOST PART THEY WERE CATHOLIC AND MANY WERE SUCCESSFUL AND CONSIDERED PART OF THE ELITE
- THEY WOULD HAVE A TENSE RELATIONSHIP WITH WENTWORTH AS HE HAD ISSUED THE POLICY OF PLANTATION- SETTLING ENGLISH AND SCOTTISH PEOPLE ON LAND THAT ULTIMATELY BELONGED TO THE OLD ENGLISH
- DUE TO INTERFERENCE WITH THEIR LAND, CHARLES AND THE OLD ENGLISH ENTERED INTO AN AGREEMENT CALLED THE GRACES in 1628 AND CHARLES PROMISED NOT TO INTERFERE WITH IN CERTAIN LANDS OF THE OLD ENGLISH AND IN RETURN CHARLES WOULD GET A FIXED SUM
-WHO WERE THE NEW ENGLISH?
-THEY ARRIVED AND SETTLED AFTER THE OLD ENGLISH
- THE OLD ENGLISH WERE MAINLY CATHOLIC WHILST THE NEW ENGLISH WERE MAINLY PROTESTANT
- AS PROTESTANTS THEY DISAGREED WITH CHARLES IMPOSITIONS OF ARMINIAN PRACTICES
- THE NEW ENGLISH ALSO GAINED A BIT OF WEALTH THROUGH CORRUPT PRACTICES WHICH MEANT THEY WOULD DISAGREE WITH WENTWORTH
-WHY WAS THE SHORT PARLIAMENT CALLED?
-LASTED FOR 3 WEEKS
- THIS PARLIAMENT WAS CALLED DUE TO CHARLES’ FINANCIAL ISSUES
- IN 1639, THERE WAS A TAXPAYERS STRIKE AS A RESULT OF OPPOSITION TO WAR WITH THE SCOTS
- THIS WAS AN ISSUE AS THIS KIND OF MONEY WAS USEFUL TO CHARLES DURING PERSONAL RULE
- IN ADDITION TO THIS, WENTWORTH ALIENATING THE CITY OF LONDON MEANT THAT LONDON MERCHANTS ONLY OFFERED £5000
- THESE ALL MEANT THAT CHARLES WAS RUNNING OUT OF MONEY, SO HE DECIDED TO CALL PARLIAMENT
-WHEN WAS THE SHORT PARLIAMENT AND WHAT HAPPENED DURING IT?
-1640
— IT BEGAN WITH DISDAIN OVER CHARLES’ PERSONAL RULE
- THIS OPPOSITION WAS LED BY JOHN PYM AND A NUMBER OF MPS PRESENTED A PETITION AGAINST CHARLES, CRITICISING HIS POLICIES
- CHARLES WAS OPEN TO MAKING CONCESSIONS TO PARLIAMENT BUT ONLY IF THEY GRANTED HIM MORE FINANCES
-PYM AND OTHER KEY FIGURES WERE IN LEAGUE WITH THE SCOTTISH COVENANTERS AND BOTH AGREED THAT A LONG-TERM SOLUTION COULD ONLY BE AGREED IF CHARLES MADE CONCESSIONS TO THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT
- CHARLES, REALISING THAT ONLY SIGNIFICANT CONCESSIONS WOULD GET HIM THE SUBSIDIES HE NEEDED,DISSOLVED PARLIAMENT AFTER 3 WEEKS
