Population

Question 1

Birth rate

Answer 1

The number of live births, per 1000 people per year

Question 2

Death rate

Answer 2

The number of deaths per thousand people per year

Question 3

Fertility rate

Answer 3

The average number of children a women will have between the ages of 15 and 44

Question 4

Infant mortality rate

Answer 4

The number of children out of every thousand born alive that die before the age of 1

Question 5

Life expectancy

Answer 5

The average age a person can expect to live to

Question 6

Migration rate

Answer 6

The difference between the number of people who migrate into a county, and the number of people who migrate out per 100,000 of the population per year

Question 7

Population density

Answer 7

The number of people per square km. The total population of an area divided by the size of the area in km2

Question 8

Migration

Answer 8

The movement of people between of within countries

Question 9

Natural change

Answer 9

The change in population due to changes in birth rate and death rate

Question 10

Zero growth rate

Answer 10

The population is neither increasing nor decreasing due to birth rate equal to death rate

Question 11

Natural increase

Answer 11

When the birth rate exceeds death rate

Question 12

Natural decrease

Answer 12

When the death rate exceeds birth rate

Question 13

What is the demographic transition model?

Answer 13

A model to show how the population of a country changes over time. Based on Britain and other industrialised countries

Question 14

Describe stage 1

Answer 14

High fluctuating

Question 15

Describe stage 2

Answer 15

Early expanding

Death rate falls

Question 16

Describe stage 3

Answer 16

Late expanding

Birth rate falls

Question 17

Describe stage 4

Answer 17

Low fluctuating

Question 18

Describe stage 5?

Answer 18

Declining

Birth rate falls

Question 19

Explain stage 1

Answer 19

No birth control/ family planning 
High IMR
Children work on land 
High disease 
Famine 
Poor hygiene 
Little medical knowledge

Question 20

Explain stage 2

Answer 20

Ethiopia
Improved medical care
Improved sanitation
Improvements in food

Question 21

Things to talk about for sanitation

Answer 21

Water supply

Sewage disposal

Question 22

Things to talk about for medical care?

Answer 22

Vaccinations
Hospitals
Medicine

Question 23

Explain stage 3

Answer 23

Brazil 
Family planning/ contraception 
Lower IMR 
Industrialisation
Role of women

Question 24

Explain stage 5

Answer 24

Germany
People want more luxuries -travelling
Material possessions
More women- higher education- careers

Question 25

Explain stage 4?

Answer 25

UK | Both factors remain low for same reasons

Question 26

Advantages of DTM

Answer 26

Gives a clear picture Easy to compare countries Can give predictions to help governments put policies in place Many countries in Europe and North America have followed

Question 27

Disadvantages of DTM

Answer 27

Some LDC's may never break out of a stage Some counties with high religious or cultural influence may always maintain a high birth rate Can't predict how long a country will remain in a stage Doesn't consider- migration, civil war, policies, epidemics

Question 28

What is population structure?

Answer 28

The breakdown of a countries population into groups of age and gender

Question 29

What can population pyramids shown?

Answer 29

``` Life expectancy What gender lives longer What age is in largest proportion Baby booms Migration ```

Question 30

Push factors and pull factors

Answer 30

What makes people want to leave a place | What attracts someone to another place

Question 31

What is migration affected by

Answer 31

Obstacles- cost | Opportunities- ie polish migrants to Ireland may stop in London due to many job opportunities

Question 32

Dependency ratio

Answer 32

Dependents 0-14 + 65+ | Over working age population

Question 33

Effects on an ageing population:

Answer 33

Pressure on public services Areas with high proportion of old people Further decrease in birth rate- voluntary carers Longer working life- more youth unemployment Grey pound UK retire age 65-67 Increased crime- vulnerability of elderly

Question 34

Impacts of youthful population?

Answer 34

Financial problems to feed children- malnutrition Overcrowded housing Strain on education- two shift system- Gambia- overworked teachers- poor quality of education Youth unemployment More child workers- informal

Question 35

How to manage ageing population?

Answer 35

Encourage larger families- Sweden- parents 18 month paid leave Raise retirement age- UK 65-67 Encourage immigration

Question 36

Management of youthful populations?

Answer 36

Control birth rate- China Limit immigration of young people Encourage family planning- free contraception

Question 37

Characteristics in urban zones?

Answer 37

``` Housing Ethnicity Age Wealth Employment Services ```

Question 38

Environmental Welfare factors on where people are living?

Answer 38

Housing quality Graffiti and vandalism Air pollution

Question 39

Economic welfare factors on where people are living?

Answer 39

Industrial decline | Agricultural decline

Question 40

Social Welfare factors on where people are living?

Answer 40

Tension between ethnicities Crime rate- relationship between police and community Public transport and services

Question 41

How has the UK encouraged immigration?

Answer 41

Since 2004 The UK has allowed unlimited immigration of citizens of EU to work here eg Poland 80% were 34 or under