population and the evironment

Question 1

birth rate

Answer 1

the number of live births per 1000 of the population in a year

Question 2

death rate

Answer 2

the number of deaths per 1000 per population in a year

Question 3

population density

Answer 3

the average number of people in an area e.g square kilometre

Question 4

fertility rate

Answer 4

the average number of children a woman can expect to give birth to in her (fertile) lifetime

Question 5

migration rate

Answer 5

the amount of people moving from one place to another, in a year

Question 6

natural increase

Answer 6

the birth rate exceeds the death rate in one year, so the population grows

Question 7

infant mortality rate

Answer 7

the number of children who die before they reach their first birthday, per 1000 per year

Question 8

life expectancy

Answer 8

the average number of years a person can expect to live to at birth

Question 9

population distribution

Answer 9

the pattern of where people live

Question 10

population parameter

Answer 10

different measurable factors to describe population e.g density, distribution, rate of change

Question 11

agricultural productivity

Answer 11

the output of agriculture in terms of the inputs such as the capital and labour

Question 12

climate

Answer 12

the average weather conditions of a particular place; a suitable climate is required for high yields

Question 13

food security

Answer 13

when there is plentiful nutritious and affordable food

Question 14

salinisation

Answer 14

increase of salt concentration in soil

Question 15

dependency ratio

Answer 15

measures the level of dependency in a country

Question 16

population pyramid

Answer 16

represents the breakdown of the population by gender and age

Question 17

demographic dividend

Answer 17

an economic boost due to the number of working population exceeding that of dependents

Question 18

refugee

Answer 18

someone who moves to another country in order to be safe from persecution or conflict in their own country; their claim for asylum has also been improved

Question 19

asylum seeker

Answer 19

someone claiming safety in another country, but have not yet been approved to stay

Question 20

economic migrant

Answer 20

someone who migrates to another country due to job / economic benefits / opportunities

Question 21

immigrant

Answer 21

someone who makes a conscious choice to move somewhere else to live; they move INTO another country

Question 22

emigrant

Answer 22

someone who leaves a country, they make a choice to LEAVE the area

Question 23

push / pull factors

Answer 23

factors that either force someone to leave an area or invite someone to want to live there

Question 24

what is exponential growth?

Answer 24

increase in number or size at a constantly growing rate

Question 25

what is population density?

Answer 25

how many people per square kilometre (number of people/size of area)

Question 26

what are the two main water bodies in Niger?

Answer 26

Lake Chad and River Niger

Question 27

what is the opposite of commercial farming?

Answer 27

subsistence

Question 28

what is the opposite of intensive farming?

Answer 28

extensive

Question 29

what are the three types of farming types?

Answer 29

arable, pastoral, mixed

Question 30

how is agricultural productivity measured?

Answer 30

in terms of yields

Question 31

what is total factor productivity?

Answer 31

the ratio of agricultural outputs (e.g crop yield/livestock) to inputs (e.g land/labour)

Question 32

how does the carbon emissions of countries with immigration differ from those with emigration?

Answer 32

(per capita) those with net immigration have 3 times higher emissions than those with net emigration

Question 33

when does labour want to remove the green belt around core cities by and why?

Answer 33

2023, due to population pressure of increased migration. this means that greenfield sites are having to be used for housing and urban sprawl

Question 34

what percentage of the UK believes migration is bad for the economy?

Answer 34

47%

Question 35

by how much are uni fees higher for migrants?

Answer 35

3 times higher

Question 36

what proportion of the UK wanted immigration to be cut in 2016?

Answer 36

over 3/4

Question 37

what industry do migrant’s contribute to most and why?

Answer 37

the primary industry: work as fruit pickers which hugely benefits the economy

Question 38

what are alluvial soils?

Answer 38

deposited on floodplains, nutrient rich

Question 39

what is a parent material?

Answer 39

the rock underlying the material

Question 40

what is soil texture?

Answer 40

proportion of sand/silt/clay (loam = mixture of soil, particle that is most dominant)

Question 41

what is soil structure?

Answer 41

how the particles are grouped together, called peds

Question 42

what is an example of a blue zone community?

Answer 42

Okinawa (Japan)