paper two quick fixes

Question 1

what are the two models in GG?

Answer 1

gini coefficient
core periphery model

Question 2

what does Los Macquiladores exemplify?

Answer 2

sector shift:
- deindustrialisation in US allowed for industrialisation in Mexico
- due to NAFTA (trade agreement)
- shows shift from primary to secondary

Question 3

what is agglomeration?

Answer 3

business takeover, buying up multiple businesses

Question 4

what is vertical integration?

Answer 4

companies buy other sections of the supply chain of the same product

Question 5

what is horizontal integration?

Answer 5

buying rival companies that do the same thing

Question 6

what is protectionism?

Answer 6

barriers to trade

Question 7

what is ‘race to the bottom’?

Answer 7

cutting costs so that TNCs profit and producers are paid increasingly less

Question 8

what scheme exemplifies changing patterns of trade?
possible negatives?

Answer 8

Belt and Road initiative:
- China created new trade routes through Africa (railway)
- invested funds and loans (FDI) to Africa for energy and transport

(-) created debt traps
(-) soft power

Question 9

usefulness of qualitative data?

Answer 9

(+) see emotion through interpretation and colours
(+) can see change in function / character
(-) only show a snapshot in time: unreliable for change over time
(+) can see people’s emotions: lived experience and sense of place
(-) artists / writers bias
(-) staged for certain audience?
(-) subjective

Question 10

usefulness of quantitative data?

Answer 10

(+) census data can be compared: shows change over time and very reliable
(-) lacks opinions and personal experience
(+) not biased, objective
(+) census data collected by govern so not biased for certain audience
(-) have to infer trends / ideas from the statistics

Question 11

what is locale?

Answer 11

takes into account the effect that people have on their setting; particular events associated with it

Question 12

what is lived experience?

Answer 12

the perception of a place, having resided there for a significant period of time

Question 13

what is the difference between site and situation?

Answer 13

site is the physical features/landscape whereas situation is in relation to the surrounding area / what is nearby

Question 14

what is placelessness?

Answer 14

a lack of uniqueness / identity

Question 15

what is placemaking?

Answer 15

deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life

Question 16

what is glocalisation?

Answer 16

when a global brand changes its stock to appeal to local tastes

Question 17

how much higher is countries emissions with net immigration as opposed to those with net emigration?

Answer 17

3 times higher

Question 18

how much did the workforce in the US increase due to migrants in the last 10 years?

Answer 18

47%

Question 19

how much did the workforce in Europe increase due to migrants in the last 10 years?

Answer 19

70%

Question 20

what statistic backs up Simon’s theory?

Answer 20

75% reduction in people living below poverty line

Question 21

what percentage of cataracts is due to direct exposure to UV?

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

how many variants of global projections? what are they?

Answer 22

four: medium, high, low and constant fertility

Question 23

how do the high and low variants of population projections differ from the medium variant?

Answer 23

either 0.5 higher or lower than medium

Question 24

who created the global scale population projections?

Answer 24

UN

Question 25

what is population density?

Answer 25

how many people per square kilometre

Question 26

what is exponential growth?

Answer 26

increase in number or size at a constantly growing rate

Question 27

what is carrying capacity?

Answer 27

maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely given the food, habitat, water and other necessities

Question 28

what is TFP?

Answer 28

total factor productivity: the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs

Question 29

what are the two limiting factors of TFP?

Answer 29

- increasing costs - decreasing yields

Question 30

how much rainfall does Niger receive?

Answer 30

200mm in the north 600mm in the south west

Question 31

example of tundra climate tribe?

Answer 31

Inuit

Question 32

what proportion of global food production is lost/wasted?

Answer 32

1/3

Question 33

how many tonnes of soil are lost through erosion each year?

Answer 33

75 billion tonnes annually

Question 34

what percentage of all food production is for animal feed (fodder)?

Answer 34

80%

Question 35

how do trees act as a windbreaker for soil erosion?

Answer 35

trees can provide a windbreak of 12x it’s height

Question 36

what percentage of world deaths does heart disease account for?

Answer 36

16%

Question 37

how many people are still undernourished?

Answer 37

800 million

Question 38

what percentage of World Bank financing in agriculture also targeted climate action/mitigation?

Answer 38

52%

Question 39

three types of multilateral institutions?

Answer 39

World Bank, IMF, WTO

Question 40

what is the World Bank?

Answer 40

- lends money to governments in order to reduce poverty and improve standard of living - only ever has an American president meaning it has a eurocentric view of westernisation

Question 41

what is the IMF?

Answer 41

- works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity - provides support through economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation - oversees the global financial system and offers loans

Question 42

what is the WTO?

Answer 42

- deals with the rules of trade between nations - ratified in parliaments (legally upheld) - goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible