population change Flashcards
(14 cards)
birth rate
number of live births per 1000 per year
death rate
number of deaths per 1000 people per year
total fertility rate
average number of children a woman will have when she’s of reproducing age
infant mortality rate
number of children out of 1000 who die before their first birthday
dependancy ratio
proportion of the population who have been supported by the working population
young people and old people are dependent on the working population
as countries develop what shows how the population changes
demographic transition model
what happens in stage 1
high birth rates and high death rates
birth rates are high because of no birth control or family planning - poor education. high infant mortality rate , more children die so people have more children
death rates are high - poor health care , sanitation and diet
stage 2
high birth rates and death rates fall
birth rates still high - no contraception or family planning , poor education
death rates fall as life expectancy increases due to improved health care , sanitation and diet
stage 3
birth rates fall and death rates fall slightly
birth rates fall due to increased use of birth control and family planning and improvements in education
birth rates fall further still when women Start to work instead of stay at home and look after the children
stage 4
low birth rate and death rate
birth rate and death rate fluctuate at a low level
births are low because people start using money for new things or holidays . and children aren’t needed to bring money into the family anymore
stage 5
births drop below deaths
births decrease because children are expensive to raise and many people have dependent elders relatives
death rate steady - more elderly people dying of old age
what are some cultural controls
marriage
religion
role of women
how do cultural controls influence fertility rates and birth rates
role of women - female access to education and employment delays the age people are having babies .
attitudes towards marriage - some countries women are married very young which means they are more likely to have children . Niger 3/4 of girls marry before they are 18 , it also has the highest fertility rate
religion - religions have different views on contraception and abortion .
what is a demographic dividend
potential for rapid economic growth
death rates decrease before birth rates
people are having lots of children and more survive to adulthood
creates a bulge of young people
when these people reach working age there is a large workforce
leads to economic growth
