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Population Change Flashcards

(78 cards)

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0
Q

Number of births per 1000 people per year

A

Birth rate

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1
Q

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year

A

Death rate

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2
Q

People retired or below the working age

A

Dependants

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3
Q

The population who work and pay tax

A

Economically active

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4
Q

Rapid, year on year growth

A

Exponential growth

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5
Q

The movement of people either into or out of an area

A

Migration

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6
Q

A graph that shows how countries pass through different stages of population growth over time. It shows changes in birth rate, death rate and natural population

A

Demographic transition model

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7
Q

A graph that shows the population structure of a country. Horizontal bars are used to show actual numbers of males and females in each five year age group

A

Population pyramid

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8
Q

Occurs when birth rate is higher than the death rate

A

Natural increase

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9
Q

The factors that force people to move

A

Push factors

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10
Q

The country migrants are leaving from

A

Country of origin

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11
Q

The factors that attract people to move

A

Pull factors

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12
Q

When birth rate is below death rate

A

Natural decrease

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13
Q

Country the migrants are moving to

A

Destination country

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14
Q

The structure of the population by age and sex

A

Population structure

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15
Q

Amounts of babies prevented through the one child policy

A

400 million

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16
Q

Population of China

A

1.3 billion

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17
Q

One child policy introduction year

A

1979

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18
Q

Gender skew in China

A

114:100 males to females

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19
Q

Fines were given to families who had more than one child. What was the fine?

A

10x the salary of the parents

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20
Q

Name of the population of which the law was given to

A

The Han Chinese

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21
Q

Families who stayed with the rules were given benefits of

A

Longer maternity leave, better housing and free education

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22
Q

People in what areas were exempt from the rule if their first child was female

A

Rural populations

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23
Q

A country that has no population control method

A

Afghanistan

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24
Name of law which prevents afghans from using contraception
Sharia law
25
Term which defines the use of machines the reduce the need for male children to serve as farmhands
Mechanisation
26
A place that aims to use female emancipation to lower the birth rate
Kerala, India
27
A country that has a pro-natal policy in Europe
France
28
Name of the scheme aimed at families with 3+ children
Carte famile noumbrease
29
An ageing population leads to...
Pressure on children High number of elderly dependants Reduced amount of economically active
30
Incentive strategies to encourage woman to having children in France
``` 3 years paid maternity/paternity leave Free nursery care Schooling starting earlier at age 3 Earlier retirement for woman Tax breaks ```
31
Effectiveness of the France pro natal scheme
Fertility increased from 1.7 to 1.9
32
France were falling into what stage of the DTM
Stage 5
33
The name of the condition given to children who have no siblings and act like they are superior and important
One child syndrome / little emperor syndrome
34
Date of the China 'one child policy' introduction year
1979
35
City in China allowed to have two children
Shanghai
36
Some of the impacts toward Han women if they tried to have another child
Forced abortions Sterilisation X10 salary fine
37
Alternative population policy
Kerala, south west India
38
Ways in which Kerala is reducing its birth rate
``` Improving education Emancipation of women Encouraging female careers Free contraception/sexual health advice Land reforms to lower birth rate ```
39
Impacts of Kerala's policy
``` Increased gross domestic product (GDP) Entering stage 4 of DTM Falling birth rate Slow and steady population growth 90% adult literacy increase ```
40
Afghanistan makes most of its GDP through the agricultural production of which drug?
Opium (heroin)
41
Reasons why Afghanistan has no birth control programme
``` Poverty strict Shariah law Taliban No contraception Lack of equality Low female emancipation War and political instability ```
42
Stage Afghanistan is currently in
Stage 2
43
Name given to the reduction of intelligent workers leaving a country to find work overseas
Brain drain
44
Case study to show migration within the EU
Poland to UK
45
Facts about migration from Poland to UK
600,000 Eastern Europeans moved to the UK between 2004-2006
46
Impacts on destination country
+ some immigrants pay tax to the UK, work for minimum wage, take jobs Brits don't take -stress on social resources e.g. Healthcare, housing and education (Peterborough)
47
When people migrate around the world
International migration
48
When people move inside a country
Internal migration
49
When people move out of a country
Emigration
50
Rapid year on year population growth
Exponential growth
51
The birth rate minus the death rate (plus or minus migration)
Annual population change
52
The movement of people into an area
Immigration
53
The ratio between dependants and economically active
Dependency ratio
54
Growth of people living in urban areas
Urbanisation
55
Implications of rapid population growth
Social: Rising crime, poor living standards, overcrowding Economic: unemployment, burdened economy, larger number of dependants Environmental: deforestation, lack of water, traffic/congestion Political: wars, unstable governments, tensions
56
The name given to the population structure of a country in stage 1 or 2
The 'funnel shape'
57
Name given to the population structure of a country in stage 3 or 4
The 'rectangular shape'
58
The name given to a country in stage 5 of the DTM
The 'oval shape'
59
One reason for an ageing population
Better health care
60
When birth rate is higher than death rate
Natural increase
61
When death rate is higher than birth rate
Natural decrease
62
The top of a population pyramid
Apex
63
The bottom of a population pyramid
Base
64
The unreal expectations some migrants place on urban living which they expect fame and glamour but is usually very unreal
Bright light syndrome
65
A forced migrant who is displaced due to war or famine
Refugee
66
A refugee which files for access to another country to find safety
Asylum seeker
67
The country migrants decide to go to
Destination country
68
A migrant who seeks an increase in salary and is the main reason s/he is moving
Economic migrant
69
When a migrant has no choice to move
Forced migration
70
When someone makes the decision to move
Voluntary migration
71
Death rate starts to drop in which stage of the DTM?
Stage 2
72
Birth rate starts to drop in which stage?
Stage 3
73
An example of a stage 3 country
Brazil
74
An example of a stage 1 countries
A few tribal groups
75
Child mortality is classified to children under the age of what?
Under the age of 5
76
Child mortality is...
The amount of children who die before their 5th birthday
77
The name given to countries which encourage the birth of children
Pro-natal policy

Geography (7 decks)

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