The Coastal Zone

Question 0

Tuvalu is an island based on what?

Answer 0

Fossilised coral

Question 1

Tuvalu’s highest point

Answer 1

4.5 metres

Question 2

Tuvalu is located where?

Answer 2

Polynesia

Question 3

IPCC’s predictions for global sea level rise

Answer 3

0. 18 to 0.38 metres by 2100 (best)

0. 26 to 0.59 metres (worst)

Question 4

The IPCC stands for what?

Answer 4

Intergovernmental panel on climate change

Question 5

The three main reasons why sea levels are rising

Answer 5

Thermal expansion

Ice sheets and glaciers melting

Post glacial rebound

Question 6

The four main land forms on a coastline’s headland

Answer 6

Caves, arches, stacks, stumps

Question 7

The fancy name for the creation of bays

Answer 7

Embayment

Question 8

This name is given to water when it batters the coast to form a bay

Answer 8

Wave attack

Question 9

Formation of a bay:

Answer 9

1) soft rock is usually located in-between pieces of hard rock on a coast
2) soft rock erodes faster than hard rock.
3) when hydraulic action erodes the soft rock, it wears away. Whereas the hard rock on the headland does not erode as fast
4) the speed of erosion then exponentially grows
5) when the erosion happens for long enough, a bay is formed

Question 10

What forms faults in rocks

Answer 10

Waves and geographical movement

Question 11

What breaks into faults in rocks and creates caves?

Answer 11

Salty water breaks into the cracks on the headland and corrodes the stone. The stone then becomes unstable and is hydraulically removed by the sea.

Question 12

A stump was originally what before it was weathered

Answer 12

A stack

Question 13

A fault is basically…

Answer 13

A crack in a stone

Question 14

When caves are eventually eroded through, they produce a what?

Answer 14

Arch

Question 15

Formation of a wave cut platform

Answer 15

1) hydraulic action erodes bottom of cliff
2) cliff falls in mass movement
3) rock and sediment falls to seabed
4) sediment and rocks compress under the weight of the water
5) over time the sediment turns to rock
6) this is called a wave cut platform

Question 16

This is the name for when water and stone abrades ( + hydraulic action) the coast leaving an indentation on the side of the cliff. It is usually located at the height of the waves after a wave cut platform

Answer 16

Wave cut notch

Question 17

Land forms of deposition

Answer 17

Spits, bars, tombolos, beaches

Question 18

When the earth takes in heat from the atmosphere and expands due to the sheer temperature

Answer 18

Thermal expansion

Question 19

Longshore drift acts in the direct of…

Answer 19

The prevailing wind

Question 20

Back wash always returns from the coast at what angle?

Answer 20

90 degrees

Question 21

This is the name for the movement of water onto the coast

Answer 21

Swash

Question 22

This the name for the returning of water to the sea from the coast after it has hit the shoreline

Answer 22

Back wash

Question 23

The formation of a spit

Answer 23

1) longshore drift transports sediment down coast
2) a change in shape of land means sediment is deposited away fro. The coast
3) a longer tongue of sediment build up, known as a spit. The end is then curled by the wind.
4) salt marshes are then formed in sheltered area of the bay

Question 24

An example of a spit in the UK

Answer 24

Hurst Castle, Hampshire

Question 25

An example of a bar in the UK

Answer 25

Slapton Sands, Devon

Question 26

An example of a tombolo in the UK

Answer 26

Chesil beach, Dorset

Question 27

Formation of a bar

Answer 27

1) longshore drift moved by prevailing wind 2) initially a spit will form 3) spit merges with the other side of the bay 4) effectively, a dammed area of water is created known as a lagoon

Question 28

Formation of a tombolo

Answer 28

1) longshore drift creates a spit 2) spit reaches out to island 3) sediment is deposited due to little energy 4) spit and island merge, creating a tombolo

Question 29

These are created when water loses energy behind a spit and deposits its contents

Answer 29

Salt marsh

Question 30

When the earth take in energy from the atmosphere and gets bigger, rising the water levels.

Answer 30

Thermal expansion

Question 31

Floodplains are usually used for...

Answer 31

Farming/agriculture

Question 32

Farming in flood plains has a bonus and drawback. Name them.

Answer 32

+ when a river floods it means nutrients and helpful sediment is deposited in the soil which helps plants grow -when a river floods, it usually damages any current crops growing.

Question 33

The human caused reason why Tuvalu is in trouble

Answer 33

We cause global warming

Question 34

When salt water enters the land and leaves the soil in a bad condition.

Answer 34

Salt water intrusion

Question 35

Amount of Tuvaluan's forced to migrate to New Zealand

Answer 35

4,000

Question 36

The highest tide Tuvalu recieves is getting higher but what amount ever year?

Answer 36

5mm every year

Question 37

Reactions to the possibility of Tuvalu submerging

Answer 37

+ Tuvalu Protocol + Planned evacuation for 10,000 people + Aid has been recieved from New Zealand

Question 38

The name of concrete pillars stretching out into the ocean to reduce longshore drift

Answer 38

Groynes

Question 39

This is created to buffer and absorb wave energy. This reduces the risk of flooding

Answer 39

Marshland

Question 40

These also buffer sand and reduce the wave energy but they involve incredibly a lot more sand

Answer 40

Dune regeneration

Question 41

The name given to the wave protection which involves large rocks being placed on the beach to reduce wave energy

Answer 41

Rock armour

Question 42

When homes are moved further inland and land turns to agricultural use to prevent flooding.

Answer 42

Managed retreat

Question 43

These deflect any waves and sediment from entering towns and villages across the coastline

Answer 43

Sea walls

Question 44

When a beach is artificially extended to absorb wave energy

Answer 44

Beach nourishment

Question 45

The name given to the problem when sand builds up even more after a beach groyne

Answer 45

Terminal groyne syndrome

Question 46

Name given to the strong winds and rain which erodes mud and rock on the coastal areas

Answer 46

Attack from above

Question 47

Cost of Lyme Regis' redevelopment

Answer 47

£21 million

Question 48

Name given to the temporary ugliness of a redevelopment

Answer 48

Eye sore

Question 49

This was the approximate ratio of money spent to money gained in Lyme Regis after its redevelopment.

Answer 49

1:6 (spent:returned)

Question 50

This is the name of mud and soil being artificially attached to a harder surface underneath I.e. Limestone

Answer 50

Soil nailing

Question 51

How many piles have been inserted into the ground in Lyme Regis?

Answer 51

1,000

Question 52

Ways in which Lyme Regis has prevented shoreline erosion

Answer 52

Extended the Cobb (to shelter the bay) 2 groynes inserted (to prevent longshore drift) Install rock armour (to break the waters energy) Strengthen the sea wall (to make sure is can withhold a high energy storm)

Question 53

The name of the hard rock under the limestone in Lyme Regis which does not absorb water

Answer 53

Black Ven Marl

Question 54

Waves are formed by the...

Answer 54

Wind

Question 55

When waves reach a coastline, ... Slows the bottom of the wave down and makes the surface topple over the bottom.

Answer 55

Friction slows the bottom of the wave down

Question 56

An island which is famous for large waves due to its volcanic origins leaving the location with a very steep ocean bed (depleting the time and distance for friction the slow the wave down)

Answer 56

Hawaii