Restless Earth

Question 0

Age of oceanic crusts

Answer 0

200 million years old

Question 1

Age of continental crusts

Answer 1

1500 million years old

Question 2

Properties of oceanic crusts

Answer 2

Denser, newer, younger, can be subduction, can be renewed and destroyed

Question 3

Properties of continental crust

Answer 3

Older, less dense, cannot be subducted, cannot be renewed or destroyed

Question 4

Oceanic plate subducts beneath continental plate

Answer 4

Destructive subduction

Question 5

Two continental plates move together

Answer 5

Destructive collision

Question 6

When plates move away and hot magma fills in the gaps between

Answer 6

Constructive

Question 7

Two plates sliding along each other

Answer 7

Conservative

Question 8

Where plates meet

Answer 8

Plate margins

Question 9

The more explosive volcanoes in a cone shape

Answer 9

Composite volcanoes

Question 10

Boob shaped volcanoes which are much less of a threat

Answer 10

Shield volcanoes

Question 11

What melts the plate as it subducts underneath a continental plate?

Answer 11

Friction

Question 12

What can usually be linked with destructive subduction margins when the plates rub together under the surface

Answer 12

Earthquakes

Question 13

Usually next the a volcano on a destructive subduction margin

Answer 13

The sea

Question 14

The name of the current which makes the hot magma rise

Answer 14

Convection current

Question 15

Reason why magma rises

Answer 15

Gaseous rocks under the volcano, convection currents

Question 16

An example of a destructive subduction boundary

Answer 16

Juan de Fuca plates subducts beneath North American plate

Question 17

When the crust is nor created or destroyed

Answer 17

Conservative

Question 18

An example of a conservative plate boundary

Answer 18

San Andreas Fault

Question 19

Constructive plate boundaries are usually under…

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

Constructive plate boundaries move

Answer 20

Apart

Question 21

Over many years this may happen to constructive plate margins

Answer 21

Islands may break through the surface water

Question 22

Shield volcanoes are usually created on a … boundary

Answer 22

Constructive

Question 23

The name of the tectonic plates

Answer 23

North American, Nasca, South American, Eurasian, African, Indo-Australian, Pacific

Question 24

Structure of the earth

Answer 24

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 25

Usual thickness of tectonic plates

Answer 25

0-60km thick

Question 26

The Inner core is made from which two metals?

Answer 26

Iron and nickel

Question 27

Name of a depression usually found on the oceans floor

Answer 27

Geosyncline

Question 28

Size of young fold mountains

Answer 28

Taller

Question 29

Size of older fold mountains

Answer 29

Smaller (after being eroded)

Question 30

An example of fairly new fold mountains

Answer 30

Rocky Mountains (USA), Himalayas (Bhutan/Nepal), the Andes

Question 31

How mountains are created

Answer 31

Destructive collision, destructive subduction

Question 32

How Ocean trenches and fold mountains are made

Answer 32

Destructive subduction

Question 33

How young fold mountains are made

Answer 33

1) rivers deposit sediment in the geosynclines 2) rivers sediment is then compressed 3) plates are forced together at destructive margins 4) sedimentary layers are forced upwards into fold mountains

Question 34

Ocean trench example

Answer 34

Mariana Trench

Question 35

Age of the Alps

Answer 35

Approximately 40 million years old (fairly young)

Question 36

Highest peak in the Alps

Answer 36

Mont Blanc in France (4810 feet)

Question 37

Uses of fold mountains

Answer 37

Mining, farming, hydroelectric power, tourism

Question 38

Austria has a large amount of ... Deposits in their mountains

Answer 38

Gold

Question 39

Type of mining where they cut into the Rock from the side

Answer 39

Drift mining

Question 40

Mining accesses...

Answer 40

Valuable minerals and materials

Question 41

Main type of farming in the Alps

Answer 41

Dairy farming

Question 42

When the farming moves his/her cattle due for the season and climate

Answer 42

Transhumance farming

Question 43

Seasons of transhumance farming

Answer 43

Winter = lower on the mountains/ valleys (due to the harsh climate at the peak i.e. Snow and rain Summer = top of the mountain ( due to the snow have melted)

Question 44

V shaped valleys lead to good sites to make

Answer 44

Hydroelectric power stations

Question 45

Main source of tourism in the Alps

Answer 45

Skiing

Question 46

The water in dams spins a ...

Answer 46

Turbine

Question 47

Team which monitor volcanoes world wide

Answer 47

USGS

Question 48

Eruption on the 18th May 1980 at 8:32AM

Answer 48

Mt St Helens, USA

Question 49

State of which Mt St Helens is located

Answer 49

Washington State

Question 50

Mt St Helens is a ... Volcano

Answer 50

Composite

Question 51

Total damage of the Mt St Helens volcano

Answer 51

57 people killed, 250 homes destroyed, 47 bridges, 15 miles of railway broken

Question 52

Size of the exclusion zone which was ignored by the press at MSH

Answer 52

8km

Question 53

MSH earthquake reading on Richter scale

Answer 53

5.1

Question 54

Five ways of monitoring a volcano

Answer 54

COSPEC, tilt metres, seismographs, GPS, digital cameras

Question 55

The very top of the volcano

Answer 55

Caldera

Question 56

Bellow a caldera in a volcano lies the...

Answer 56

Magma chamber

Question 57

COSPEC uses what type of sensors to indicate when the eruption is about to occur

Answer 57

UV measures the amount of sulphur dioxide release

Question 58

Tilt metres detects

Answer 58

Lava domes

Question 59

Tilt metres are tiny and if they were 1km long they could record a change in level of...

Answer 59

1mm

Question 60

Digital cameras record the ash/dome...

Answer 60

Visually - which is safe and effective

Question 61

GPS uses ... to detect earth movement

Answer 61

Satellites

Question 62

GPS systems also detect...

Answer 62

Heat

Question 63

How many GPS systems were installed in MSH?

Answer 63

12

Question 64

Seismographs detect...

Answer 64

Earth quakes around volcanoes which could contribute towards the eruption.

Question 65

Seismographs sends information to ... To make...

Answer 65

Machines to make squiggly lines

Question 66

Type of magma released from a shield volcano

Answer 66

Basalt

Question 67

Type of magma released from a composite volcano

Answer 67

Andesite

Question 68

Capital of Haiti

Answer 68

Port Au Prince

Question 69

Strength of Haiti earthquake

Answer 69

7.0

Question 70

Reasons why so many people died

Answer 70

- densely populated city - unprepared - building laws ignored

Question 71

Number of people who died in Haiti earthquake

Answer 71

A reported 250,000

Question 72

The fraction of buildings collapsed

Answer 72

1/3

Question 73

Number of inmates escaped after the Port Au Prince prison was broken

Answer 73

4000

Question 74

Secondary effects of Haiti earthquake

Answer 74

Cholera and typhoid spreaded

Question 75

Responses to Haiti earthquake

Answer 75

- uncoordinated emergency services mobilised - people left to search for their own family and friends - country inaccessible for aid - hospitals overwhelmed by number of casualties

Question 76

Number of ambulances mobilised after Haiti earthquake

Answer 76

1

Question 77

Long term responses to the Haiti earthquake

Answer 77

- 1.5 million people in temporary accommodation | - city not rebuilt fully

Question 78

Haiti is an example of an...

Answer 78

LEDC

Question 79

Earthquake example in an MEDC

Answer 79

Kobe, Japan

Question 80

Date of the Kobe earthquake

Answer 80

17th January 1995

Question 81

Strength of the Kobe earthquake

Answer 81

7.2

Question 82

Number of people who died in the Kobe earthquake

Answer 82

5,500

Question 83

Number of people injured in the Kobe earthquake

Answer 83

30,000

Question 84

Name of the bay which Kobe is located in

Answer 84

Osaka Bay

Question 85

Name of the motorway which collapsed in Kobe

Answer 85

The Hanshin Expressway

Question 86

Name of the fault in Kobe which lead to an earthquake

Answer 86

Nojima fault