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Bio 214 > population Ecology > Flashcards

population Ecology Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

_______ groups of individuals in one place and time

A

populations

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2
Q

What are the five characteristics of populations?

A

1.geographic range
2. habitat
3. density
4. size
5. age structure

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3
Q

______ _______ is the area throughout which a population occurs

A

geographic range

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4
Q

________: biotic and abiotic feature of its range

A

habitat

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5
Q

_______ is how individuals are physically spaced out

A

density

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6
Q

______ is the number of individuals and how that number changes through time

A

size

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7
Q

T or F: Circumvent inhospitable habitat to colonize suitable, previously unoccupied areas

A

True

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8
Q

T or F: The last glaciation event extended the ranges of many species

A

True

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9
Q

_______ ________ are a key factor in expanding range

A

Dispersal Mechanisms

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10
Q

T or F: Individuals in populations exhibit different spacing patterns

A

True

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11
Q

________ spacing: individuals do not interact strongly with one another; not common in nature

A

random

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12
Q

________ spacing: behavioral interactions, resource competition

A

uniform

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13
Q

_________ spacing: uneven distribution of resources: common in nature

A

clumped

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14
Q

_________________: occur in areas in which suitable habitat is patchily distributed and is separated by intervening stretches of unsuitable habitat

A

metapopulations

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15
Q

_______-________ metapopulations some areas are suitable for long-term habitat, other are not

A

source-sink

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16
Q

_______- populations in better areas

A

source

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17
Q

______- populations in poorer area

A

sink

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18
Q

________- the quantitative study of populations

A

demography

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19
Q

T or F: population growth can be influenced by the population’s sex ratio

A

True

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20
Q

_______ _______: average interval between birth of an individual and birth of its offspring

A

generation times

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21
Q

______ ______: determined by the numbers of individuals in a different age group

A

age structure

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22
Q

Generation time and body size are ______ related

A

directly

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23
Q

_____: group of individuals of the same age

A

cohort

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24
Q

______: number of offspring produced in standard time

A

fecundity

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25
_______: death rate in a standard time
mortality
26
______ _______ has a critical influence on a population's growth rate
age structure
27
__________ percent of an original population that survives to a given age
survivorship
28
_______ ______ expresses some aspects of age distribution
survivorship curve
29
What type of survivorship curve is this )
type 1
30
What type of survivorship curve is this \
type II
31
What type of survivorship curve is this (
type III
32
_______ ______ favors traits that maximize the number of surviving offspring left in the next generation by an individual organism
natural selection
33
_____ ______: the complete life cycle of an organism
life history of
34
T or F: Larger offspring have a greater chance of survival
True
35
____-_____ species delay reproduction
long-lived
36
______-_____ species reproduce early
short-lived
37
_________ growth model applies to populations with no growth limits
exponential
38
What is the equation for exponential growth model?
r= (b-d) + (i-e) r= rate of population increase
39
_______ ______ e= i, and there are no limits on population growth
biotic potential
40
What is the equation for biotic potential
dN/ dt= riN
41
The biotic potential of any population is ________. even when the rate of increase remains constant
exponential
42
______ ______: symbolized by K, is the maximum number of individuals that the environment can support
carrying capacity
43
________ growth model: applies to population as they reach K
logistic
44
What is the logistic growth model equation?
dN/ dt= rN(K-N)/ K
45
____/____ is equal to the intrinsic rate of natural increase, adjusted for the amount of available resoures
dN/ dt
46
If you plot N versus t, you obtain a ______ growth curve
sigmoidal
47
As N approaches K, the rate of population growth begins _____
slow
48
If N= K the population growth rate is _____
zero
49
If the population size exceeds K, the population size will decline until it reaches ___
K
50
_____-_____: factors that affect population and depend on population size
density- dependent
51
_______-_______: other factors, such as natural disasters, affect populations regardless of size
density- independent
52
_________ ________ ________ is where the birth rate and death rate are equal, which is equal to K
equilibrium population density
53
_______ _______ affects life history adaptations
resource availability
54
When resources are limited, the cost of reproduction is _______
high
55
________ will favor individuals that can compete and utilize resources efficiently
selection
56
__-selection populations: adapted to thrive when population is near its carrying capacity
K
57
__- selected populations: selection favors individuals with the highest reproductive rates
r
58
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: age at first reproduction
R: early K: late
59
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: Life Span
R: short K: long
60
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: maturation time
R: short K: long
61
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: mortality rate
R: often high K: usually low
62
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: Number of offspring produced per reproductive episode
R: Many K:Few
63
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: Number of reproductions per lifetime
R: few K: Many
64
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: Parental care
R: none K: often extensive
65
What is this adaptation at r and k-selected populations: size of offspring or eggs
R: small K: Large
66
What are the three K-selected life history traits?
1. small brood size 2. late reproduction 3. high degree of parental care
67
T or F: Birth rate has remained unchanged
True
68
T or F: Death rate has fallen dramatically
True
69
Human populations have grown ______-
exponentially
70
__- selected species are adapted to function well in rapidly changing environements
r
71
What type of survivorship curve does r-selected species show?
Type III
72
In r-selected species, survivorship and fecundity are greatly influenced by ______-_____ factors
density- indepdent
73
__- selected species thrive in more stable environments
K
74
What type of survivorship curve do K-selected species have?
Type I and Type II

Bio 214 (23 decks)

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