Population Health and Aging

Question 1

Life span

Answer 1

length of an individual life in years

Question 2

Life expectancy

Answer 2

average age of death in a population

Question 3

Difference between life span and life expectancy

Answer 3

life span is an individual measure based on one person’s experiences and behaviors while life expectancy is based on the current set of conditions and for a group not one individual

Question 4

Cohort life expectancy

Answer 4

average lifespan in a birth cohort

Question 5

Period life expectancy

Answer 5

average number of years a baby born today would live if today’s birth cohort experienced today’s ASFRs and sex specific mortality rates as they move through life

Question 6

Mortality regime

Answer 6

patterns of how people die

Question 7

Morbidity

Answer 7

prevalence of disease in a population

Question 8

Compression of mortality

Answer 8

deaths are increasingly occurring later in life over a smaller range of ages

Question 9

Rectangularization of the survival curve

Answer 9

The survival curve becomes to look more like a rectangle the more mortality is compressed

Question 10

Chronological age

Answer 10

how many calendar years a person has been alive

Question 11

Biological age

Answer 11

combines information from multiple physiological systems to estimate individual’s positions on aging trajectory (how old their body is/feels)

Question 12

Sociological age

Answer 12

societal expectations associated with a certain chronological age

Question 13

Subjective age

Answer 13

self explanations for a given age (how old someone views themself)

Question 14

Aging effect

Answer 14

increased median chronological age of population; how is the overall health of the population changing because the chronological age is increasing?

Question 15

Longevity effect

Answer 15

decreased median biological age of the population; how is the overall health of the population changing because the biological age is decreasing?

Question 16

Ways to think about population aging

Answer 16

Increase in median age of population, increase in percent of the population who are older than working age

Question 17

What causes population aging

Answer 17

Improved survival at older ages, declined fertility, migration

Question 18

Potential economic costs to population aging

Answer 18

need more funding to social services, increases economic burden on young workers, less economic growth

Question 19

Potential solutions to population aging

Answer 19

working later in life, reduce pensions, increase taxes, incentivize savings, increase immigration, increase fertility

Question 20

Considerations for solving the population aging problem

Answer 20

pace, socioeconomic inequality, geography, generational equity

Question 21

Compression of morbidity

Answer 21

chronological age is increasing and biological age is decreasing

Question 22

Expansion of morbidity

Answer 22

chronological age is increasing faster than biological age is decreasing (or biological age is increasing)

Question 23

Age inflation

Answer 23

age adjusted life expectancy concept

Question 24

Old age dependency ratio

Answer 24

(number of old age dependents >64yo)/(number of supporters 15-64)

Question 25

Population health reversal

Answer 25

When the health of a population declines, especially when life expectancy begins to decline OR counteracting trends prevent life expectancy from improving

Question 26

Mid life mortality

Answer 26

deaths to adults between 25 and 64 or adults in midlife

Question 27

Causes of mid life mortality today

Answer 27

social inequality, deaths of despair/social isolation

Question 28

Deaths of despair

Answer 28

individual level deaths during mid life due to preventable, specific causes such as drug overdoses and alcohol related deaths

Question 29

3 dynamics leading to deaths of despair

Answer 29

changing labor markets and stratification processes, increases in pain prevalence, increased availability of opioids