Port

Question 1

Where is Port produced?

Answer 1

Upper Douro

Question 2

What are the towns port trade is important ?

Answer 2

Oporto and Vila Nova de Gaia

Question 3

What is the climate of Oporto?

Answer 3

Maritime

Question 4

What is the climate of Upper Douro?

Answer 4

Warm-hot continental

Question 5

What are the soils of Douro?

Answer 5

Schist

Question 6

What are the 3 vineyard areas divided into?

Answer 6

Baixa Corgo, Cima Corgo and Douro Superior

Question 7

Which areas have steep slopes?

Answer 7

Baixa Corgo and Cima Corgo- Douro Superior is flatter

Question 8

What are Socalcos?

Answer 8

Old walled terraces. They have one or two rows on a flat terrace and some have up to 10 rows on a slightly sloping terrace. No mechanization is possible.

Question 9

What are Patamares?

Answer 9

Rows with no retaining walls and 2 rows per terrace. Each terrace is accessible by tractors and limited mechanization is possible. Erosion a problem.

Question 10

What are Vinhos ao Alto?

Answer 10

Unterraced vineyard and rows are planted up the slope. Only suitable for less steep slopes. Limited mechanization is possible.

Question 11

What are the three terracing words?

Answer 11

Patamares, Socalcos, and Vinhos ao Alto

Question 12

Describe Touriga Nacional

Answer 12

Small berries, Low yielding, high colour, high tannin variety with concentrated flavours. Finest grape but occupies a tiny vineyard area

Question 13

Describe Touriga Franca

Answer 13

High colour, high tannin, high yielding with excellent aromatics. Needs warmer sites to ripen. Most widely planted, susceptible to rot

Question 14

Describe Tinta Roriz

Answer 14

Also known as tempranillo, adds finesse

Question 15

Describe Tinta Barroca

Answer 15

High must weights and high levels of colour, tannin and acidity. Early ripening, prefers cooler sites.

Question 16

Describe Tinto Cao

Answer 16

The most rare and low yielding grape but high in extract.

Question 17

What are the white varieties of Port?

Answer 17

Malvasia, Viosinho, Gouveio

Question 18

What is necessary always in production of port?

Answer 18

Acidification

Question 19

What is used for extraction of colour and tannin in 2-3 days?

Answer 19

Foot treading in lagares, autovinifiers, mechanical imitations of foot treading, piston plungers robotic lagares are used widely

Question 20

What percentage spirit is used for fortification?

Answer 20

77%

Question 21

What are ruby ports?

Answer 21

Blends of wines that are typically between 2-3 yrs old.

Question 22

What are tawny ports?

Answer 22

They are no older than ruby, blend in white port or heavy fining to remove colour. Have not undergone oxidative aging.

Question 23

What is reserve?

Answer 23

Ruby and Tawny ports that are of a higher quality determined by a tasting panel. More complexity than regular ruby or tawny.

Question 24

How long must a reserve tawny be aged?

Answer 24

6 years

Question 25

What are LBV?

Answer 25

Aged 4-6 years before bottling. Helps make them more approachable upon release, unlike vintage ports( always single vintage) They are fined and filtered. Ready to drink on release and rarely benefit from further aging. Unfiltered LBVs can age

Question 26

Tawny with age indication?

Answer 26

Undergo a long period of oxidative aging. They can be labelled as 10-40 years old. Age is the average age.

Question 27

What is a vintage port?

Answer 27

Producers must register intent to release a Vintage in the second year after the harvest and the wine must be bottled no later than the third year. Wines are unfined and unfiltered. Only produced an average of 3x a decade. Finest wines from the best vineyards.

Question 28

What are single quinta vintage ports?

Answer 28

Product of a single estate. Port that is used in years that are not considered good enough to declare a vintage. Less prestigious but still high quality.

Question 29

What is the interprofessional body of port?

Answer 29

IVDP (Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro a Porto)

Question 30

What is the probelem with the Beneficio?

Answer 30

Producers are getting paid double for grapes for port than for wine.

Question 31

What is port traditionally aged in?

Answer 31

Pipes- 550L

Question 32

What ratio is aguardente (neutral grape spirit) added in to halt fermentation>

Answer 32

1:4 ratio

Question 33

What are White Ports?

Answer 33

White port wines are a blend of several vintages. Aging lasts between 3 and 10 years and the final wine is bottled ready to drink. Produced in dry, off dry & sweet styles (Lagrima) When white ports are matured in wood for long periods, the colour darkens,

Question 34

What is a crusted Port?

Answer 34

Non vintage ruby Port . A blend of high quality wines sourced from 2 or more vintages. Aged up to 4 years in cask before bottling. Ideally should have a minimum of 3 yrs bottle age before use. When it will have formed a deposit (Crust) in the bottle. Requires decanting before service.