Positive Emotions part 2 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are the Hemispheric asymmetries associated with SWB
- Mindfulness → L frontal area associated with PA
- L hem more active than R– associated with PA
- L-R differences associated with SWB
- higher L-R asymmetry = high PA, low NA
- higher L-R asymmetry = self-acceptance, life purpose, personal growth, autonomy
- mindfulness meditation increases L-R asymmetry → mindfulness = improvements in life satisfaction
Historically can money buy you happiness?
NO - its the root of all evil
What is the Esterlin Paradox?
- Happiness increases with income within countries
- Happiness unrelated to income (GDP) between countries.
What are 2 possible explanations for the Esterlin Paradox (might be both)
1) Hedonic treadmill?
• Happiness up after income up, but returns to usual set point after time
Relative income?
• Increase in wealth in respect to those around us, rather than absolute income
Whats the relationship b/w income and happiness within countries?
curvilinear
• Much greater changes at lower levels of income
• Income more strongly related to life satisfaction, not with PA/NA ratio (happiness)
HIgh income is buys you ________ but not ________
and low income is associated with ____ and _______
life satisfaction, happiness
low life evaluation and low emotional well being
how did Canada and US score on the life satisfaction ladder?
Canada = 7.5 US = 7.2
How did Zimbabwe score on the latter?
lowest income per Capita but higher life satisfaction than many others
was the an esterlin paradox found in the ladder data ? what does this suggest?
there is no paradox as there is the same relationship between and within countries
• There is a relationship between wealth and life satisfaction
LS rises ______ with log per capita income within countries and between
Linearly
What country is a paradoxical case? why?
U.S.A. is a paradoxical case
• GDP has doubled since 1972
• LS has decreased slightly
• Perhaps due to growth in income inequality?
________ correlations between national wealth and SWB within countries
_____ correlations between income and SWB between countries
Strong, weak
Larger correlation b/w wealth and SWB in ____ countries
Poor → because most at lower end of income
• Risk of low SWB higher for poor people
- 1970-1990 economic growth in developed countries =
= minimal gains in overall SWB
What is “wanting” material things associated with
lower levels of SWB
What was found when comparing LS in US and Calcutta homeless people?
- U.S. = negative, Calcutta = positive
- All report negative LS re income, housing, health, material resources
- All report positive LS re food
When measuring SWB around the world who had the highest and lowest?
what was suprising about the results?
• HIGHEST = Forbes richest Americans (5.8) • Traditional Masai • Pennsylvania Amish • Illinois university students • Calcutta slum dwellers • Uganda university students • Calcutta homeless • LOWEST: California homeless: (2.8) - Surprising that the range is not as big
what do materialist, consumer cues lead to?
- Increased negative affect → people feel worst when they are primed with materialist ideas
- Reduced social involvement
- Greater competitiveness, selfishness
What are wealthier individuals more likely to do as found by Piffa? what does approval of greed have to do with this?
- More likely to break driving law, steal, lie, cheat to gain advantage
- Moderated by greater approval of greed → people who approved greed were more likely to do this
- Those who did not approve of greed but were wealthy were not as likely
What is the one exception to money not being able to buyyou happiness?
Buying experiences (trips)
What are the main differences in how individualist vs. collectivist societies define happiness?
- Individualist: (most Western countries); personal needs, goals, personal agency, individual initiative and achievement → ex.: US constitution of rights
- Collectivist: (many Eastern countries); social goals, needs and approval of others, cooperation, team play → defined as his/her relationship to those around them, culture, family, community, role in assisting the culture, the family, the community in achieving their goals, being a part of the team, submerging ones identity in the identity of the group to which one belongs
in collectivist societies Relation between PA/NA ratio and overall SWB much _____
weaker
In collectivist, Pleasant emotions explicitly require what?
a social component: more linked to interpersonal emotions (friendliness) than to personal emotions (pride → emphasized in Western societies)
Asian-Americans, more than European-Americans, made happy by ___________
goals that please or are approved by others
