Positive States of mind and being - Part 2 Flashcards
What is Maslow’s 8 fold way?
Habits of mind and tendencies that we can cultivate in ourselves and bring us closer to the state of self-actualizing
list Maslow’s 8 fold way
1) Self-awareness
2) Self development
• should be use all skills to realize goals
3) Growth choices
4) Trusting judgement
• stick with your gut
5) Peak experiences (objective)
6) Honesty
• Taking responsibility
7) Concentration
• fully focused in the moment
8) No ego defences
List Maslow’s 12 B-values
1) Wholeness • integration, simplicity, dichotomy transcendence, self complex 2) Richness • Complexity, intricacy, detail, 3) Aliveness • process, spontaneity, full functioning 4) Perfection • completeness, rightness - drawn to instances of perfection 5) Playfulness: • Joy, humour (Eastern) 6) Beauty: • Rightness, simplicity, richness, aliveness 7) Justice • Fairness, lawfulness, orderliness 8) Goodness • rightness, benevolence, honesty, justice 9) Uniqueness - individuality, novelty 10) Effortlessness • Ease, lack of striving 11) Self-sufficiency • Autonomy, environment transcendence 12) Truth, honesty, reality • Simplicity, richness, beauty
who says we are all self-actualizing, we are all working to become our full potential
Rogers
What are the 5 characteristics of Roger’s fully functioning individual?
1) Openness to experience • vivid awareness of what's going on around and inside you 2) Essential mode of living • Taoism → rolling with the flow • adapting to changes as you meet them 3) Organic trusting • Trusting your judgment 4) Experiential freedom • free to make choices in our life • Maslow’s responsibility 5) Creativity
Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi noted that when individuals finished a painting they lost interest.. what does this mean?
- It was the process of painting not the panting itself that was the absorbing agent
What is the optimal condition for flow?
Skills equal to the challenge
high skill and high challenge = FLOW
emotional states occurring in each combination of skill and challenge (MEMORIZE DIAGRAM)
- Low challenge, low skill → apathy
- Moderate skill, low challenge → relaxation
- Low challenge, high skills → boredom
- Moderate challenge, low skills → worry, we are not adequate to meet the challenge causing us worry
- No moderate skills, moderate challenge
- Moderate challenge and high levels of skills → arousal, difference between challenge and skills is much smaller
- High challenge, low skills → anxiety
- High challenge, moderate skills → arousal
- High challenge, high skills → flow, the desirable state
What are the different emotions experienced during the anxiety state?
- Concentration: high
- Self-esteem: low
- Enjoyment: low
- Wish to be doing: low
What are the different emotions experienced during the Flow state?
High in all 4 (Concentration, Self-esteem, Enjoyment, Wish to be doing)
What are the different emotions experienced during the Apathy state?
All four bellow average (Concentration, Self-esteem, Enjoyment, Wish to be doing all low)
What are the different emotions experienced during the relaxation state?
• Lower than average in concentration b/c skills exceed challenge
What are the conditions for flow?
- Challenging activity requires skill
- Skill equal to the challenge
- Clear goals and feedback (not clear to outsiders)
- An autoelic experience (activity is a goal in itself, reason for engaging is the engagement) - forgot external rewards leads to flow
- Concentration on the task
- Merged action/awareness (spontaneous, one with the activity, effortless but requires mental discipline,very automatic)
- Loss of self-consciousness (egoless, lost of sense of self, Union with the)
- Transformation of time (expansion or compression)
- Sense of control
WHat experiment demonstrated the important of an autoelic experience in order to achieve flow?
•Study: kids drawing pictures o Research divided kids into subgroups o Group 1: unlimited papers and crayons o Group 2: dollar for each picture o Group doing just for the pleasure of drawing had the most pictures and the most enjoyment
What self-growth occurs after flow (3 things)
1) Higher complexity of self-organization
• More revealed about themself → personal growth
• Differentiation: discovery of skills and ability
2) Integration of the self
3) Self-transcendence
• Egoless, Loss of self-consciousness
What occured in the Askawa (2009) study of japanese students experiencing flow?
- flow every 2months or 3 times a year
- high levels of flow = Higher self-esteem, Lower anxiety, More active coping
- More active commitment to daily life, university, future career
- Correlational study =can’t infer direction → could be more likely to experience flow as they have these characteristics
- Suggest values of flow experiences
what happened in the Rogatko (2007): U.S. students study?
• Flow = greater positive affect (positive emotions) afterward
explain the Salanova et al (2006) SEM study (structural equation modeling)
what contributes to flow in teachers at 3 points in time:
point 1:
• Resources provided
• Social support
• Orientation to goals
• High Self-efficacy (bidirectional)
• See work as intrinsic value not just pay
• Intrinsic pleasure, enjoyment
Point 2:
• Flow at time 1 contributes to self-efficacy and job resources at time 2
* mostly has to do with resources we provide
What happened in the baker 2004 study?
Music teachers in different schools (SEM):
• resources provided by shool contribute to balance b/w skills and challenge
• if teachers experience flow students do too
• Happiness from flow only after it’s complete
What are 4 personality traits likely to lead to flow?
1) Curiosity (equivalent to openness in big 5)
2) Low self-centeredness
3) Autoelic personality
• High intrinsic motivation
4) Persistence (conscientiousness)
the flow questionnaire has two assessment measurements and was developed by who?
Csikszentmihalyi
What is the Flow State scale?
- More complex questionnaire: 36 statements broken down into 9 categories
1)Challenge-skill balance
• “My abilities matched the high challenge of the situation”
2) Action-awareness merging
• “I performed automatically”
3) Clear goals
• “I knew what I wanted to achieve”
4) Unambiguous feedback
• “It was really clear to me that I was doing well”
5) Concentration on the task
6) Sense of control
7) Loss of self-consciousness
• “I had no concern with how others saw me”
8) Transformation of time
9) Autoelic experience
• “ I really enjoyed the experience”
What percent of US workers experience flow?
- 85% identify flow experience in their lives (20% say it happens often, 16% say daily)
- 15% say it never happens
Why do U.S workers say they experience flow?
- 30% work (highest proportion)
- 23% hobbies, home activities
- 20% sports, outdoor activities
- 18% socializing
How much apathy, relaxation, anxiety and flow results in US teens from Games and sports
produce the highest proportion of time spent in flow but also produces the highest amount of time spent in anxiety, do not feel much apathy or relaxation
How much apathy, relaxation, anxiety and flow results in US teens from hobbies
second highest level of flow and very high levels of relaxation
How much apathy, relaxation, anxiety and flow results in US teens from Scoializing
drop off in flow and corresponds with adult data, high levels of relaxation and fair bit of apathy, not much anxiety
How much apathy, relaxation, anxiety and flow results in US teens from thinking
same level of flow as socializing, higher levels of apathy, not to much anxiety
How much apathy, relaxation, anxiety and flow results in US teens from Music
relaxation is the dominant experience, not a lot of flow, very little anxiety
How much apathy, relaxation, anxiety and flow results in US teens from Television
lowest levels of flow, does not require much skill
Who is Jon Kabat-Zinn
Ph.D. in molecular biology, Received training in Buddhist practices. Conducts- Mindfulness based stress reduction clinic: designed to teach mindfulness practices to patients suffering from stress from related diseases
- Six week program
Where do ideas of mindfull ness appear
appears in Western tradition fairly early as well in Roman and Greek writings and the work of the humanists
- 30 yr impact on west medicine
what’s a cognitive construct?
an activity that changes the mind itself as well as other things about ourselves
Can we create the state of mindfulness?
YES - it can be produced at will through thought training and can be evaluated by MRI
What is a general definition of mindfulness?
- can’t describe it, need to experience
- fully absorbed in the moment
- being aware, non-judgemental, accepting
