Positivist Approach Flashcards

Question

What were the aims of Myers and Deiner's research? po

Answer 1

- to develop ideas and collect evidence about the theory of happiness - when asked those who were religious were 2x more likely to say they were 'very happy'

Answer 2

1) Literature review - select research topic, collect and read, write review 2) Interview/ questionnaire- closed Qs to assess subjective well being 3) Observation- report behaviour, record when beeper goes off 4) Correlation- factors linked to increasing subjective well being= positive life events

Answer 3

- methodology acts as procedure - collected and reviewed information meaning they did not carry it out themselves - Literature review - content and thematic analysis - observation, correlation, interview, questionnaire

Answer 4

Is happiness related to age?- no real difference or predicted age Gender?- less than 1% accounted for Race or culture? Money? MYTHS UP The traits of happy people- more self-esteem and control The relationships- more friends= more positive emotion Work and 'the flow' - higher work satisfaction = more life challenges, no boredom, stress, anxiety- about balance The faith

Answer 5

1) ADAPTATION- 3 month - life events- emotions don't linger FRIJDA- pleasure wears off 2) CULTURAL WORLD VIEW - influences our interpretations of everything and everyone 3) VALUES AND GOALS - make progress towards these goals and achieve them - SWB may be based off income in poorer countries

Answer 6

- age, sex, gender, race and income don't inform us on someone's level of happiness - exploring = consider priorities and build our life on emphasising well being - new research is useful a useful component in addition to existing research on depression, anxiety and well being

Answer 7

- subjective- appear socially desirable - data risks being biased- establish causes if valid > friends were asked to rate their scores and there was a positive correlation which confirms the validity of the answers

Answer 8

X can't establish cause and effect so we cannot understand the true nature of happiness X there is an intervening variable for example marriage may not make someone happy because of the love it may be become they have more income as a joint couple

Answer 9

X asked for personal info X well-being, religion, relationship status X may be uncomfortable for some and risk their privacy

Answer 10

- literature review- no Ps or manipulation - no deception- get informed consent - abides by the BPS guidelines

Answer 11

X Inglehart's research- 10%portugal, 40% Netherlands X people may form negative outlooks on particular groups X stereotypes, harm, conflict, treated unfairly

Answer 12

- Japanese workers suffering from heart attacks and strokes - some died from too much stress - gain support and help with stress management

Answer 13

- in agreement with scientific research - agrees happiness is fairly consistent throughout life = correlational

Answer 14

X 50% is due to genetics# X should explore other factors and not just focus on that

Answer 15

Is positive psychology still relevant in todays society?

Answer 16

Is it relevant in the workplace?

Answer 17

MIIHALY - 3X more likely to experience 'flow' when at work as it offers more positive experiences - will improve if workers can admit that work can be enjoyable EI- creates productive work culture, more efficient, make more profit

Answer 18

DIENER X question whether it has offered anything more than empirical support X found modest correlation between income and happiness X people may work for income rather than happiness SI - poorer societies work for the income to survive meaning they do not have the luxury of trying to find happiness in work unlike Western societies

Answer 19

It enables people to boost their self esteem when working which is essential to our daily lives as people spend the majority of their time working

Answer 20

Is positive psychology relevant in sport?

Answer 21

GILMORE - problem focused= reduce impact of pressure - emotion focused= change how they react to increasing pressure - positive self talk and visualisation - mind and confidence to improve performance SI - physical success leads to increased well being and confidence improving performance even more

Answer 22

It is relevant as it helps people react better to stress and if they are successful in sports it can benefit bring profit to their country which could be reinvested in other athletes to help them achieve. Therefore positive psychology is relevant if people want to achieve this.

Answer 23

KREMER ET AL X nerves aren't always a bad thing and shouldn't always be viewed negatively as it shows that it matters to them X it only encourages them rather than telling them how to do it X if technique is then focused in less it could jeopardise their performance EI - more income for the country as their sporting success may attract tourists- if performances are worsen you could ruin this opportunity

Answer 24

Is positive psychology relevant in schools/ education?

Answer 25

SELIGAMAN 3 main functions 1) promote skills and strengths valued by society e.g. parents 2) show measurable improvements in students well being and behaviour 3) encourage student engagement in learning and behaviour KUYKEN ET AL - morals wont cheat- mindfulness programme - less stress due to less feeling of pressure SI - should be more long term research Financial Times- may have to drop other courses due to a limited budget and demanding curriculum - pay more for students to leave school with a lower academic achievement

Answer 26

SPENCE & SHORT X lack of empirical evidence X small scale short term interventions X more LT research needed SELIGMAN - needs to cover all socio-economic and cultural backgrounds SI - Pen Resilience Programme children had more social skills and cooperation not possible without positive psychology

Answer 27

Not relevant as we do not know enough about it due to the lack of long term research. Therefore, we should not risk dropping essential subjects to include this we should use it as an additional subject rather than an alternative one.

Answer 28

Positive psychology is relevant in todays society because it gives everyone the opportunity to increase their well being and improve their quality of life. It is implemented in most areas of society so everyone will experience some form of it in their life. If it is accessible to all it is still relevant. - headspace online app for guided meditation

Answer 29

- empowering, take control of their own lives, emotions, destiny - personal freedom to grow and develop X HELD - by placing responsibility over their own free will, blame themselves for any problems- feel worse lower sense of WB

Answer 30

- takes the whole person into account - Lyubomirsky- genetics are an important factor of happiness levels - Myers and Diener- faith, relationships, personality traits X more difficult to identify causes and treatments - complete explanation- happiness and well being

Answer 31

Mindfulness, MBSR, headspace, MBCT

Answer 32

- informal practises at home- apps - formal practise- MBCT- healthcare settings - 2010 reports- benefits those with depression - schools offer WB interventions as part of curriculum- importance of mental health

Answer 33

I - emphasis on individuals personal sense of WB and health, own thoughts, signature strengths unique to them N - scientific methods to carry out research to develop theories that can be applied to the laws of human behaviour- Myers and Diener can be applied to everyone > consider unique aspects & wider research applied to all

Answer 34

INTERACTIONIST

Answer 35

Na - Lyubomirsky= twins happiness levels - 2000 twins 50%- genetics 40%- intentional activity 10%- circumstances Nu - environmental factors considered - offers complete explanation as innate and environmental considered - Seligman and Lyubomirsky considered different factors

Answer 36

Scientific

Answer 37

- uses scientific methods to investigate behaviour - concepts such as happiness and WB are subjective and difficult to define - psychologists create hypothesis and objective measures- collect data to investigate their ideas - Seligman compared impact of different positive psychology interventions- happiness was measured Ps randomly allocated control groups to improve validity