post exam2 (40%)

Question 1

The simplest processing in the central nervous system involves

Answer 1

One synapse

Question 2

Gray matter consists mostly of

Answer 2

Cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

Question 3

Where are axon terminals of third order sensory neurons?

Answer 3

The postcentral gyrus

Question 4

A lesion that cuts the left dorsal column would cut

Answer 4

First order sensory neurons

Question 5

Where are cell bodies of third order sensory neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

Answer 5

The thalamus

Question 6

Where are axon terminals of lower motor neurons?

Answer 6

The neuromuscular junction

Question 7

Where does integration of sensory information from the eye, ear, and skin occur?

Answer 7

A multimodal association area

Question 8

The relay center for sensory signals in our brain is in the

Answer 8

diencephalon

Question 9

If a patient exhibits hyperreflexia and spastic paralysis, you would suspect a problem with

Answer 9

Upper motor neurons

Question 10

For reciprocal inhibition to occur, must an interneuron be involved?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in cold-sensing neurons?

Answer 11

Cold-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow.

Question 12

Many choice: Cranial nerves may be

Answer 12

Sensory only
Motor only
Mixed

Question 13

Cell bodies of third-order sensory neurons are located in the

Answer 13

Central nervous system

Question 14

Pain-sensing neurons are slowly adapting. If we were exposed to a painful stimulus over time, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in nociceptive neurons?

Answer 14

Nociceptive neurons would continuously fire action potentials faster than normal.

Question 15

If we could not feel someone touch our lateral malleolus, you would suspect damage to axons that belong to spinal nerve

Answer 15

S1

Question 16

If we cut only the left lateral corticospinal tract above T6, would the patellar reflex still be active in the left leg?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Cell bodies of second-order sensory neurons are located in the

Answer 17

Central nervous system

Question 18

A spinal reflex causing contraction of skeletal muscle involves neurons in the

Answer 18

Both central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 19

Acetylcholine release in parasympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate

Answer 19

Decrease heart rate

Question 20

All reflexes must involve the central nervous system.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

The master regulator of autonomic activity is located in the

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

Can autonomic activity be affected by conscious thought?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Many choice: Axons of sympathetic nerves travel in

Answer 23

Thoracic and Lumbar nerves

Question 24

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in airway smooth muscle

Answer 24

Decreased calcium release

Question 25

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 25

decrease heart rate

Question 26

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 26

increase heart rate

Question 27

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ___________ in blood vessel smooth muscle

Answer 27

contraction

Question 28

Acetylcholine release in sympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate

Answer 28

Increase heart rate in sympathetic ganglia

Question 29

Sound travels in the form of

Answer 29

vibrations

Question 30

Cells in our tongue change voltage in response to certain chemicals.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Which of the following is most sensitive?

Answer 31

Rods

Question 32

We see dim objects best when we do not look straight at them.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Which of the following senses converts the presence of airborne chemicals into a graded membrane potential?

Answer 33

Smell

Question 34

Which of the following is most responsible for black/white vision?

Answer 34

Rods

Question 35

There is a primary olfactory cortex.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Complete multimodal processing of visual signals involves activity in the

Answer 36

All of the above

Question 37

Cells that depolarize in response to movement are

Answer 37

Hair cells

Question 38

Many choice: Axons in which of the following pathways cross at the level of the entering spinal nerve?

Answer 38

Lateral spinothalamic

Question 39

Portions of our brain that coordinate conscious and subconscious thought belong to the

Answer 39

Limbic system

Question 40

T/F: Imagine that you can sense when a friend is sad even when they are on the other side of the world. In order for this to be true, an molecule in your body must change shape in response to your friend’s emotion.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Coordination of motor signals is a primary responsibility of the

Answer 41

Cerebellum

Question 42

Where are cell bodies lower motor neurons?

Answer 42

The anterior gray horn of the spinal cord

Question 43

The primary control center for the autonomic nervous system is located in the

Answer 43

Hypothalamus

Question 44

Of the steps below, which is the first to occur when we decide to contract the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer 44

A graded depolarization in the upper motor neuron

Question 45

A lesion that cuts the left dorsal column would block

Answer 45

Awareness of fine touch from the left side of the body

Question 46

Where are cell bodies of second order sensory neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

Answer 46

The medulla

Question 47

Of the steps below, which is the last to occur when we decide to contract the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer 47

myosin binding to actin

Question 48

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, cold sensing neurons would initially

Answer 48

depolarize quickly

Question 49

Many choice: Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 49

Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Autonomic ganglia

Question 50

Must a reflex include an interneuron?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

The fastest reflex causing muscle contraction would involve

Answer 51

one synapse

Question 52

Many choice: Which of the following could cause a graded membrane potential in a peripheral nerve?

Answer 52

Mechanical stretch Change in temperature Light Vibration Chemicals

Question 53

Can a lower motor neuron cause a graded hyperpolarization at the motor end plate?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

If a patient exhibits no muscle tone and an inability to contract skeletal muscle, you would suspect a problem with

Answer 54

Lower motor neurons

Question 55

Many choice: Axons of parasympathetic nerves travel in

Answer 55

Cranial and Sacral nerves

Question 56

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 56

decrease heart rate

Question 57

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in blood vessel smooth muscle

Answer 57

Increase calcium release

Question 58

Acetylcholine release in parasympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate

Answer 58

decrease heart rate in parasympathetic ganglia

Question 59

Does acetylcholine always cause depolarization of its target cell?

Answer 59

No

Question 60

Does epinephrine cause depolarization of all target tissue?

Answer 60

No

Question 61

Which of the following changes shape to regulate the amount of light hitting the retina?

Answer 61

Smooth muscle in iris

Question 62

Signals from the right eye travel to only the left primary visual cortex.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Which of the following are not located in the fovea?

Answer 63

Rods

Question 64

The axon terminals of neurons in the optic nerve are located in the

Answer 64

Thalamus

Question 65

Which of the following chemicals cause a change in voltage in cells in our tongue?

Answer 65

All of the above

Question 66

Which of the following is the first to move in response to sound?

Answer 66

The tympanic membrane

Question 67

Sound is a ___________ signal

Answer 67

mechanical

Question 68

Where are cells that detect acceleration in a car?

Answer 68

vestibule