Post Lecs - Hypothetical Propositions and Arguments Flashcards
Read and analyze the following passage carefully. Identify the conclusion in the passage, and write it completely in the blank provided.
Do note that some of the premises included in the passage do and do not support the conclusion.
NB: The following item is a case-sensitive item, so if you are going to copy the part of the passage, make sure to copy it properly (including punctuations and capitalizations)
“Reason is the greatest enemy that faith has; it never comes to the aid of spiritual things, but more frequently than not struggles against the divine Word, treating with contempt all that emanates from God.”
(Martin Luther, Last Sermon in Wittenberg, 17 January 1546)
The correct answer is: Reason is the greatest enemy that faith has.
Which of the following statements is false?
a.
A conclusion can precede the statement’s premises.
b.
Not all the time the premise-conclusion indicators present an argument within them.
c.
Every structured cluster of propositions is considered as an argument.
d.
Arguments can have a single premise and a conclusion that is expressed in separate statements.
The correct answer is:
Every structured cluster of propositions is considered as an argument.
Which of the following refers to a kind of hypothetical proposition containing two or more alternatives which are so related, having only one of them to be true?
a.
Conditional Proposition
b.
Conjunctive Proposition
c.
Disjunctive Proposition
The correct answer is:
Conjunctive Proposition
What connector is used mostly in conjunctive propositions to connect two concepts?
a.
Or
b.
Then
c.
If
d.
And
The correct answer is:
And
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
All arguments have indicators present in them to easily detect the presence of the argument.
b.
An example of a conclusion indicator is the use of the phrase “from may be deduced from”.
c.
Some propositions in a passage are only considered to be as explanations and not arguments.
d.
Deductive arguments have conclusions that is claimed to follow from the premises only with probability.
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
All arguments have indicators present in them to easily detect the presence of the argument.
b.
An example of a conclusion indicator is the use of the phrase “from may be deduced from”.
c.
Some propositions in a passage are only considered to be as explanations and not arguments.
d.
Deductive arguments have conclusions that is claimed to follow from the premises only with probability.
Which of the following kinds of hypothetical proposition expresses a logical relationship between an antecedent and a consequent?
a.
Disjunctive Propositions
b.
Conjunctive Propositions
c.
Categorical Proposition
d.
Conditional Proposition
The correct answer is:
Conditional Proposition
In what way can we determine the truth value of a conditional proposition?
a.
Only one of the concepts in the proposition is true since both is not applicable in a real world setup.
b.
Pick between choices presented in a proposition, to which one of them can be true.
c.
Check on the antecedent whether it’s true, then assume that the consequent is true.
The correct answer is:
Check on the antecedent whether it’s true, then assume that the consequent is true.
Which of the following propositions is defined to be different to categorical ones since it provides a tentative idea about the truth value of the statement?
a.
Classified Propositions
b.
Hypothetical Propositions
c.
Categorical Propositions
The correct answer is:
Hypothetical Propositions
Which of the following propositions is defined to be different to categorical ones since it provides a tentative idea about the truth value of the statement?
a.
Categorical Propositions
b.
Classified Propositions
c.
Hypothetical Propositions
The correct answer is:
Hypothetical Propositions
In the proposition “You cannot be a graduate student and be illiterate at the same time.”. which of the following is the right conditional reduction of the proposition?
a.
If you are an illiterate, you didn’t graduate.
b.
If you are a literate person, then you are an undergraduate.
c.
If you graduate, you are literate.
d.
If you are a graduate student, then you cannot be an illiterate.
The correct answer is:
If you are a graduate student, then you cannot be an illiterate.
Read the following passage carefully. Identify the conclusion in the passage, and write it completely in the blank provided.
Do note that some of the premises included in the passage do and do not support the conclusion.
NB: The following item is a case-sensitive item, so if you are going to copy the part of the passage, make sure to copy it properly (including punctuations and capitalizations)
“If a jury is sufficiently unhappy with the government’s case or the government’s conduct, it can simply refuse to convict. This possibility puts powerful pressure on the state to behave properly. For this reason a jury is one of the most important protections of a democracy.”
(Robert Precht, “Japan, the Jury,” The New York Times, 1 December 2006)
The correct answer is: For this reason a jury is one of the most important protections of a democracy.
In the proposition “If the temperature is cold, then it is winter.”, which of the following is considered to be the right disjunctive reduction of the proposition?
a.
The temperature is cold or it is winter at the same time.
b.
The temperature cannot be cold and it is winter at the same time.
c.
The temperature is just cold but the temperature feels winter right now.
The correct answer is:
The temperature is cold or it is winter at the same time.
Read and analyze the following passage carefully. Identify the conclusion in the passage, and write it completely in the blank provided.
Do note that some of the premises included in the passage do and do not support the conclusion.
NB: The following item is a case-sensitive item, so if you are going to copy the part of the passage, make sure to copy it properly (including punctuations and capitalizations)
“Omniscience and omnipotence are mutually incompatible. If God is omniscient, he must already know how he is going to intervene to change the course of history using his omnipotence. But that means he can’t change his mind about his intervention, which means he is not omnipotent.”
(Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006))
The correct answer is: Omniscience and omnipotence are mutually incompatible.
Read and analyze the following passage carefully. Identify the conclusion in the passage, and write it completely in the blank provided.
Do note that some of the premises included in the passage do and do not support the conclusion.
NB: The following item is a case-sensitive item, so if you are going to copy the part of the passage, make sure to copy it properly (including punctuations and capitalizations)
“Without forests, orangutans cannot survive. They spend more than 95 percent of their time in the trees, which, along with vines and termites, provide more than 99 percent of their food. Their only habitat is formed by the tropical rain forests of Borneo and Sumatra.”
(Birute Galdikas, “The Vanishing Man of the Forest,” The New York Times, 6 January 2007)
The correct answer is: Without forests, orangutans cannot survive.
Read and analyze the following passage carefully. Identify the conclusion in the passage, and write it completely in the blank provided.
Do note that some of the premises included in the passage do and do not support the conclusion.
NB: The following item is a case-sensitive item, so if you are going to copy the part of the passage, make sure to copy it properly (including punctuations and capitalizations)
“Standardized tests have a disparate racial and ethnic impact; white and Asian students score, on average, markedly higher than their black and Hispanic peers. This is true for fourth-grade tests, college entrance exams, and every other assessment on the books. If a racial gap is evidence of discrimination, then all tests discriminate.”
(Abigail Thernstrom, “Testing, the Easy Target,” The New York Times, 15 January 2000)
The correct answer is: Standardized tests have a disparate racial and ethnic impact.
