Poster SAC Flashcards
(26 cards)
mnemonics
Devices or techniques used to aid the encoding, storage and retrieval of information. They have been used by different cultures for centuries to help retain info and preserve knowledge. They can convert difficult to remember information into something more meaningful.
Mnemonics in written cultures - Acronyms
First letters of itmes form a pronouncable word to aif memory. The first letter of the word acts as a retrieval cue.
Mnemonics in written cultures- acrostics
An acrostic is a mnemonic device in which the first letters of items create a phrase, ryhme or poem to aid memory. Acrostics may be particularly helpful when you have to remember things in a certain order. The first letter of each word acts as a retrieval cue.
mnemonics in written cultures- method of loci
converts items into mental imagery and associated them with specific locations to aid memory. Involves visualising items in specific well-known locations.
Five steps of method of loci:
1: Visualise and imagine a familliar route or place
2. Select several memorable places on their route or chosen place
3. Create visual imagery for each item that need sto be remembered.
4. Link each item to one of the identifiable landmakrs
5. Imagine they are walking through the house or familiar route and retrieve each item by obderving the items at each landmark.
Literature review:
Memory is diverse and , there are multiple techniques called mnemonics that allow for people to remember things easier or quicker. Mnemonics are “any technique used for improving or enhancing memory” according to the cambridge senior science psychology textbook. Subsequently, the use of mnemonics can help with putting information into long term memory as these mnemonics help with elaborative reherseal which help to link already known information with new information. Additionally some examples of mnemonics are acrostics, acronyms and method of loci. Acrostics are “phrases in which the first letter of each word functions as a cue to help with recall” according to the cambridge senior science psychology textbook. Furthermore, an acronym is word that is formed from the first letter of each owd that individual wants to remember, for example YOLO (You Only Live ONce). Finally, the method of loci is “also known as memory palace, memory journey, or mental walk is often used for memory training and retention” accroding to The journel of Pharmacology and Experimental theraputics by NathanielZhu,JawadSyed,NaunihalZaveri. Thus, the method of loci involves walking around a familliar place and placing objects or things around to eventually when you need to remember these things, recall them as you mentally imagine where you placed them in that familliar place.
Aim:
To explore the impacts that each of these three method of loci, acrostic and acronym have on memory.
- Operationalised Independent variable:
acrostic different written devices (method of loci, acrostic, acronym)
Operationalised Dependent vraiable:
: mean of words remembered
Hypothesis:
It is predicted that of the three conditions of, condition 1 of the method of loci will have have a higher mean of words remembereed compared to those in condition 2 and 3. Furthermore, condition 2 of acronym will have a higher mean compared to those in condition 3 of the acrostic group.
Method:
- Participants (total number, key charchteristics of the sample, population)
- 42 participants
- included both year 11 and year 12 particpants
- consisted of males and females
- Key charchteristics: Go to Ivanhoe Grammar School, taking year 12 psychology
- Population: year 12 psychology students
- Sampling method explained
- Sampling method:
Convience sampling. Using readily available participants. Did not randomly select or select based on ‘strata’ groups.
- Strengths: Most time-effective and cost-effective
- Weaknesses: The most likley to produce an unrepresentitive sample, therby making it harder for researchers to generalise results to the population
- Materials:
- Paper for each condition with different mnemonics. 12 papers with the method of loci for condition 1, 15 pieces of paper for condition 2 of acronyms and 15 pieces of paper for condition 3 of acrostics.
- Procedure
-
Illustrate the experiment and any of the principles/guideline to do with
Results: Means for each condition
- Condition 1→ 12. 75
- Condition 2→ 12.33
- Condition 3→ 11.60
Description:
From the results, it is clear that condition 1 of the method of loci is the best for remembering. Followed by condition 2, then condition 3.
Conclusion:
From the results, it has shown that condition 1 of the method of loci has been most effective in recalling the list of words. Thus, the aim has found to be which of the three conditions was best in memorising words. Therfore, the hypothesis has been supported as the method of loci is the best menemonic used as it has the highest mean of 12.75 compared to the other two conditions.
Evaluation + strengths for improvement:
- One extranrous variable is participant related variables. Thus, participants could have better or worse memory depending on different factors such as if they have photographic memory. It could impact the experiment as participants could get a higer result because of this.
Research method:
- Each class doing something different→ between subjects design
- Individuals are divided into different groups and complete only one experimental condition
Advantages
Does not create order effects, only exposed to one thing
Disadvantages
- Differences between participants across groups can affect results
Principles:
- Infomred consent→ from parents
- withdrawal rights→ feel free to leave whenever
- Debreif→ the results, intention to rank from best to worst across three conditions
- Confidentlatily—> keep results after
Confounding/extraneous variables:
- Extraneous vairbale→ Participant related variables
- Extraneous variable→ Situational variables
Sources:
- Cambridge senior science psychology
- Research paper: The journel of Pharmacology and Experimental theraputics by NathanielZhu,JawadSyed,NaunihalZaveri.
