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Anatomy Exam 1 > Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

investing (superficial) fascia

A

a ‘sleeve’ binding all structures in the neck; attached to ligamentum nuchae (C2-C6) and spinous process of C7 vertebrae

  • splits to enclose trapezius and sternocleidomastoid mm
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2
Q

infrayhyoid fascia (pretracheal hyoid) fascia

A

covers the supra and infrahoid mm (strap muscles)

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3
Q

pretracheal (visceral) fascia

A

viscera surrounded w a layer of fascia including the thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, and esophagus

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4
Q

carotid sheath

A

carotid a, internal jugular v, vagus n

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5
Q

prevertebral (deep cervical) fascia

A

covering vertebral musculature

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6
Q

fascial layers of the neck

A

1) investing (superficial)
2) pretracheal hyoid (infrahyoid)
3) pretrachal (visceral)
4) carotid sheath
5) prevertebral (deep cervical)

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7
Q

what are the anterior, posterior, and inferior borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior: sternocleidomastoid m (from mastoid porcess above ear to proximal 1/3 clavicle)

Posterior: Trapezius (distal 1/3 of clavicle)

Inferior: clavicle

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8
Q

what muscle divides the posterior triangle into the occipital and supraclavicular triangles?

A

the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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9
Q

which triangle is above, which is below the omohyoid muscle in the posterior triangle?

A

above: occipital
below: supraclavicular (omoclavicular)

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10
Q
A

1) sternocleidomastoid muscle
2) levator scaulae
3) scalene
4) brachial plexus
5) omohyoid muscle

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11
Q

what innervates the SCM muscle?

A

accessory nerve (CN XI)

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12
Q

acting together, what is the main function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

flex the neck so the chin is thrust forward

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13
Q

when all three scalene muscles work together, what is their collective function?

A

lateral rotation of the neck

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14
Q

what are the contents of the occipital triangle, from superior to inferior?

A

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, posterior scalene

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15
Q

what are the contents of the supraclavicular triangle, from superior to inferior?

A

anterior scalene, 1st rib, upper part of serratus anterior

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16
Q

which scalene muscle is the largest/longest?

A

middle

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17
Q

which scalene muscles elevate the 1st rib, and which elevate the 2nd?

A

anterior and middle: 1st rib

posterior: 2nd rib

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18
Q

all three scalene muscles work to laterally flex the neck. in addition to this, what does the anterior scalene also do?

A

anteriorly flexes the neck

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19
Q

all scalene muscles are innervated by the …

A

cervical plexus

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20
Q

platysma

A

the muscle of facial expression

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21
Q

erb’s point

A

halfway btw the mastoid process and the sternum; where the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge

(halfway along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle)

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22
Q

what are the contents of the occipital triangle?

A

cervical plexus (cutaneous branches)

accessory nerve XI (from jugular foramen)

phrenic nerve

transverse cervical a

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23
Q

what are the 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

A

1) transverse cervical
2) great auricular
3) lesser occipital
4) supraclavicular

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24
Q

transverse cervical nerve

A

cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus

from ventral rami C2-C3

cutaneous nerve to throat

(lies directly anteriorly from Erb’s point, over larynx)

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25
great auricular nerve
cutaneous branch of the cervical pleus from ventral rami of C2-C3 nerve to area around ear (lies on top of jugular vein and SCM muscle)
26
lesser occipital nerve
cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus ventral rami of C2, sometimes C3 nerve to skin near mastoid process (follows posterior border of SCM to innervate area behind the ear)
27
supraclavicular nerve
cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus from ventral rami of C3-C4 splits into 3 branches (ant, middle, post) nerve to area over the clavicle
28
1) transverse cervical n 2) supraclavicular n 3) greater auricular n 4) lesser occipital n
29
where are the motor branches of the cervical plexus?
motor portion lies deep to the sensory portion, and much of it can be found in the carotid triangle
30
what are the 3 motor branches of the cervical plexus?
phrenic n ansa cervicalis ventral rami
31
phrenic n
C3-4-5 keeps the diaphragm alive sits ON TOP OF THE ANTERIOR SCALENE
32
what innervates the ansa cervicalis, what are its 2 roots?
C1-2-3 superior root (descendens hypoglossi) inferior root (descendens cervicalis) innervates the STRAP muscles
33
Superior (anterior) root of the ansa cervicalis (descendens hypoglossi)
C1 ventral ramus provides separate innervation to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid mm
34
Inferior (posterior) root of the ansa cervicalis (descendens cervicalis)
C2 and C3 ventral rami innervates sternhyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid mm
35
where is the ansa cervicalis located?
on top of the carotid sheath; easy to ID by finding the strap muscles
36
what nerve does the anterior root of the ansa cervicalis "hug"?
the anterior (superior) root of the ansa cervicalis hugs the hypoglossa nerve (XII)
37
what is the structure of the ansa cervicalis?
the superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis come together to form a loop
38
what are the contents of the supraclavicular triangle?
lower portion of the brachial plexus subclavian artery and vein branches of the subclavian a (VIT C and D) termination of the external jugular vein
39
where does the common carotid a biforcate?
at the hyoid muscle
40
what is the pneumonic for the subclavian a branches?
VIT C and sometimes D
41
relative to the anterior scalene muscle, where are the subclavian a, brachial plexus, and subclavian v located?
subclavian a and brachial plexus are both BEHIND the atnerior scalene (btw the anterior and middle scalenes) subclavian v is SUPERFICIAL to anterior scalene m
42
relative to the anterior scalene muscle, where do the VIT branches come off the artery?
Vertebral, Inferior thyroid, and thyrocervical trunk come off PROXIMAL to the anterior scalene muscle
43
vertebral artery
first branch off the subclavian a (proximal to anterior scalene) supplies the brain via transverse foramina and foramen magnum
44
what are the branches that come off the thyrocervical trunk?
1) inferior thyroid a 2) transverse cervical a 3) suprascapular a 4) ascending cervical a
45
relative to the anterior scalene, where is the costocervical trunk located?
BEHIND the anterior scalene muscle
46
what are the 2 branches of the costocervical trunk?
1) supreme intercostal artery - 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces (goes down to ribs laterally) 2) deep cervical artery - prevertebral and deep neck structures (goes up to neck)
47
relative to the anterior scalene muscle, where are branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian a located?
DISTAL to the anterior scalene m
48
what are the branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian a?
abberant forms of the suprascapular a (which normally arise elswehere) and the dorsal scapular a
49
where is the transverse cervical a located?
directly on top of anterior scalene m and brachial plexus, heads posteriorly around the neck
50
what is the general course of the vertebral a?
1st branch off the subclavian a (proximal to anterior scalene m), dives deep behind the anterior scalene to end up in the transverse foramen of C6, where it then ascends
51
important relationships in the neck: subclavian vein
most anterior of all components in the supraclavicular triangle runs behind the clavicle, in front of the anterior scalene
52
important relationships in the neck: subclavian a and brachial plexus
run btw anterior and middle scalene muscles
53
important relationships in the neck: phernic n
runs in front of (on top of) the anterior scalene
54
important relationships in the neck: transverse cervical a and suprascapular a
both in front of the anterior scalene
55
important relationships in the neck: dorsal scapular a (if present)
behind (deep to) anterior scalene m
56
1) phrenic n 2) anterior scalene m 3) transverse cervical a 4) suprascapular a 5) dorsal scapular a 6) costocervical trunk 7) thyrocervical trunk 8) subclavian artery and vein 9) vertebral a
57
where is the general location of the hyperglossal (XII) nerve?
comes off of the anterior part of the foramen magnum, above the C1 arch - loops up and around to the mandible
58
where is the general location of the C1 motor nerve?
comes out ABOVE C1, runs together with the hypoglossal nerve, then drops off and becomes the superior part of the ansa cervicalis
59
what are the different origins of the scalene muscles?
the anterior scalene m comes off the anterior tubercle of the cervical transverse process the middle and posterior scalene mm come off the posterior tubercle of the cervical transverse process
60
which vein runs over the SCM muscle?
external jugular v
61

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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