Posterior Triangle of the Neck

Question 1

Subcutaneous tissue comprised of loose connective tissue and fat

Answer 1

Superficial Fascia

Question 2

Dense, organized connective tissue layer that is devoid of fat and envelopes most of the body structures below the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 2

Deep Fascia

Question 3

Deep fascia that surrounds the trapezius, SCM muscles and infrahyoid muscles

Answer 3

Investing Fascia

Question 4

Deep fascia that surrounds the thyroid, trachea, esophagus and the posterior surface of the infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 4

Pretracheal Fascia

Question 5

Deep fascia that surrounds the pharynx posteriorly

Answer 5

Buccopharyngeal Fascia

Question 6

Deep fascia that is the anterior layer of the prevertebral fascia and runs behind the buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 6

Alar Fascia

Question 7

Deep fascia that surrounds the prevertebral and deep back muscles

Answer 7

Prevertebral Fascia

Question 8

Column of fascia that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and Vagus nerve

Answer 8

Carotid Sheath

Question 9

Space between the SCM and prevertebral muscles

Answer 9

Carotid Sheath

Question 10

What forms the carotid sheath?

Answer 10

Condensations of deep cervical fascia

Question 11

The carotid sheath runs from______to ________.

Answer 11

Skull

Middle mediastinum

Question 12

These things may spread within the sheaths

Answer 12

Infections

Blood

Question 13

Space between the trachea and infrahyoid muscles

Answer 13

Pretracheal Space

Question 14

The pretracheal space runs from ________ to ________.

Answer 14

Thyroid cartilage

Anterior mediastinum

Question 15

Space between the buccalpharyngeal and alar fascia.

Answer 15

Retropharyngeal Space

Question 16

The retropharyngeal space runs from______to ______.

Answer 16

Base of skull

Superior mediastinum

Question 17

Infections of the third molars spread to this space

Answer 17

Retropharyngeal Space

Question 18

This space is considered the danger space because it is notorious for inferior spread of infections

Answer 18

Prevertebral Space

Question 19

The prevertebral space is between ______ and ______.

Answer 19

Alar and prevertebral fascia

Question 20

Infections in this space can spread from the base of the skull down to the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 20

Prevertebral Space

Question 21

The bifurcation of the common carotid artery is at this cervical level.

Answer 21

C III- CIV

Question 22

Zone I of the neck is found near this anatomical landmark.

Answer 22

Cricoid cartilage

Question 23

The pharynx transitions to the esophagus and the larynx transitions to the trachea at this cervical level

Answer 23

CV - CVI

Question 24

The angle of the mandible is the anatomical land mark for this zone of the neck

Answer 24

Zone II

Question 25

What is the anatomical landmark for zone III of the neck?

Answer 25

Base of the skull

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?

Answer 26

``` Anterior = SCM Posterior = Trapezius Inferior = Middle 1/3 of clavicle ```

Question 27

Four cutaneous nerves that are found in the posterior cervical triangle.

Answer 27

Lesser occipital Greater Auricular Transverse cervical Supraclavicular

Question 28

All of the cutaneous nerves of the posterio triangle emerge deep to the SCM at this area

Answer 28

Erb's point

Question 29

This cutaneous nerve runs withthe External Jugular Vein

Answer 29

Great auricular

Question 30

This cutaneous nerve runs horizontally toward the anterior

Answer 30

Transverse cervical

Question 31

Where does the Lesser Occipital nerve run?

Answer 31

Superiorly along posterior border of the SCM

Question 32

What does the Lesser Occipital n supply?

Answer 32

Skin of scalp at the apex of posterior cervical triangle

Question 33

Where is the Greater Occipital n found?

Answer 33

It ascends vertically on the surface of the SCM and runs with EJV toward the ear.

Question 34

What does the greater auricular n supply?

Answer 34

Lobe and skin of ear and angle of mandible to mastoid process

Question 35

Cutaneous nerve that runs across the middle of the SCM

Answer 35

Transverse cervical n.

Question 36

What does the transverse cervical nerve supply?

Answer 36

Skin of anterior cervical triangle

Question 37

This cutaneous nerve generally has three main branches, medial, intermediate and lateral

Answer 37

Supraclavicular nn

Question 38

Where does the suprascapular nerves run?

Answer 38

Superficial to the clavicle and deep to the platysma

Question 39

What does the supraclavicular nerves supply?

Answer 39

Skin of the clavical area

Question 40

Superficial muscle of the neck

Answer 40

Platysma

Question 41

What nerve innervated the platysma

Answer 41

CN VII

Question 42

What are the motor nerves of the posterior cervical triangle?

Answer 42

Accessory n. | Phrenic n.

Question 43

Where does the accessory nerve emerge from the skull?

Answer 43

Jugular foramen

Question 44

Where does the accessory nerve run?

Answer 44

Diagonally through the posterior triangle deep to the investigating fascia

Question 45

What does the Accessory nerve supply?

Answer 45

SCM and Trepezius

Question 46

This nerve descends vertically along the anterior scalene m.

Answer 46

Phrenic n.

Question 47

The phrenic nerve is crossed anteriorly by_____ and ______.

Answer 47

transverse cervical a. | suprascapular a.

Question 48

The phrenic nerve enters the thorax where?

Answer 48

Between subclavian vein and artery

Question 49

The phrenic nerve travels along this to supply the diaphragm.

Answer 49

Pericardial sac

Question 50

What are the similair origins that both phrenic n and suprascapular nn share?

Answer 50

``` Phrenic = C3-C5 Suprascapular = C3-C4 ```

Question 51

What are the vessels of the posterior cervical triangle?

Answer 51

External jugular vein Tansverse cervical artery Suprascapular artery

Question 52

Where does the external jugular vein drain?

Answer 52

Subclavian Vein

Question 53

The transverse cervial artery and the suprascapular artey both come from this

Answer 53

Thyrocervical trunk

Question 54

What are the deep muscles of the Posterior Triangle?

Answer 54

Splenius Capitis muscle Levator scapulae muscle 3 scalene muscles Omohyoid muscle

Question 55

What is the action of the splenius capitus muscle?

Answer 55

Extend and laterally rotate the head and neck

Question 56

What in the splenius capitis innervated by?

Answer 56

Dorsal rami of spinal muscles

Question 57

What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle?

Answer 57

Elevate the scapula

Question 58

What is the levator scapulae innervated by?

Answer 58

Dorsal scapular n.

Question 59

What is the action of the three scalene muscles?

Answer 59

tilt neck laterally

Question 60

What are the scalene muscles innervated by?

Answer 60

Ventral rami of C3-C8 nn.

Question 61

Elongated triangle deep to the posterior cervical triangle

Answer 61

Interscalene Triangle

Question 62

What forms the interscalene triangle?

Answer 62

Anterior scalene, middle scalene and first rib.

Question 63

What pass through the interscalene triangle?

Answer 63

Brachial plexus and subclavian a.

Question 64

This passes anterior to the anterior scalene m.

Answer 64

Subclavian vein

Question 65

If there is a narrowing of the interscalene triangle due to anatomical variations, the brachial plexus or subclavian artery may compress and cause this

Answer 65

Nerve dysfunction or ischemia

Question 66

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by this

Answer 66

Narrowing of interscalene triangle causing a compromise of the nerves or arteries between the neck and axilla