Introduction to the Skull, Face and Scalp

Question 1

Group of skull bones that protect the brain.

Answer 1

Neurocranium

Question 2

Group of skull bones that protect the airway.

Answer 2

Viscerocranium

Question 3

Suture between the frontal and parietal bones

Answer 3

Coronal

Question 4

Suture between the two parietal bones

Answer 4

Sagittal

Question 5

Suture between the parietal and temporal bones

Answer 5

Squamosal

Question 6

Suture between the parietal, temporal and occipital bones

Answer 6

Lambdoidal

Question 7

Intersection between the squamosal and coronal sutures

Answer 7

Pterion

Question 8

Intersection between the coronal and sagittal sutures

Answer 8

Bregma

Question 9

Intersection between the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

Answer 9

Lambda

Question 10

Boundaries of the orbit

Answer 10

Roof = Frontal bone
Lateral wall = Zygomatic bone
Floor and part of medial wall = Maxilla
Rest of medial wall = Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Palatal
Posterior wall = Sphenoid

Question 11

Where is the supraorbital notch located?

Answer 11

In superciliary arch

Question 12

Where is the optic foramen located in the orbit?

Answer 12

In medial wall

Question 13

Where is the super orbital fissure located in the orbit?

Answer 13

In medial wall

Question 14

Where is the Inferior orbital fissure located in the orbit?

Answer 14

In floor

Question 15

The lacrimal groove communicates with this

Answer 15

Nasal cavity

Question 16

Boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 16

Roof = Nasal bones, frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus
Floor and wall = Maxillary bones
Floor = Palatine horizontal plate
Medial wall = Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Medial wall = Nasal septum

Question 17

Projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 17

Nasal conchae

Question 18

The superior and middle nasal conchae are projections of this bone

Answer 18

Ethmoid

Question 19

This conchae is its own separate bone

Answer 19

Inferior nasal conchae

Question 20

What are the features of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 20

Spaces within skull bones
Make bones lighter
Add resonance to voice
Lined by mucousal membranes
Continuous with nasal cavity

Question 21

What foramen does the olfactory nerve (CN I) transmit through?

Answer 21

Cribiform plate

Question 22

What passes through the optic canal?

Answer 22

Optic nerve (CN II), opthalmic artery

Question 23

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 23

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, CN V1

Question 24

What foramen does the maxillary nerve pass through?

Answer 24

Foramen rotundum

Question 25

What foramen does the mandibular nerve pass through?

Answer 25

Foramen Ovale

Question 26

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 26

Middle meningeal artery

Question 27

What passes through the jugular foramen?

Answer 27

IJV, CN IX, CN X, CN XI

Question 28

What foramen does CN VII and VIII pass through?

Answer 28

Internal Acoustic foramen

Question 29

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 29

CN VII

Question 30

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 30

Vertebral arteries and spinal cord

Question 31

This is considered the danger space of the scalp

Answer 31

Loose areolar tissue

Question 32

What is the action of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 32

Moves scalp back and forward

Question 33

What is the action of the three auricularis muscles?

Answer 33

Protract, elevate and retract ears

Question 34

What is the actions of the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 34

Attach to bone or fascia and act by pulling the skin | Surround the orifices of the face acting like sphincters and dilators

Question 35

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 35

Masseter Temporalis Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid

Question 36

This muscle raises the eyebrow

Answer 36

Frontalis

Question 37

What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?

Answer 37

Draws eyebrow in (frowning)

Question 38

What muscle is responsible for closing the eye?

Answer 38

Orbicularis oculi

Question 39

Three muscles of the eye region

Answer 39

Frontalis Corrugator supercilii Orbicularis oculi

Question 40

Muscles of the nasal region

Answer 40

Procerus m. Nasalis m. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.

Question 41

What is the action of the procerus m.?

Answer 41

Wrinkles the bridge of the nose

Question 42

What muscle compresses and dilates the nostril?

Answer 42

Nasalis m.

Question 43

What is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.?

Answer 43

Dilate nostril

Question 44

What are the superficial muscles of the mouth?

Answer 44

``` Orbicularis oris m. Levator labii superioris m. Zygomaticus major/minor mm. Depressor anguli oris m. Risorius m. Mentalis m. ```

Question 45

What is the action of the orbicularis oris m.?

Answer 45

Close mouth

Question 46

What muscle elevates the upper lip?

Answer 46

Levator labii superioris

Question 47

What is the action of the zygomaticus major/minor mm.?

Answer 47

Draws mouth up

Question 48

What muscle depresses the angle of the mouth?

Answer 48

Depressor anguli oris m.

Question 49

What is the action of the risorius m.?

Answer 49

Retracts the corner of the mouth

Question 50

What muscle protrudes the lower lip?

Answer 50

Mentalis m.

Question 51

What are the deep muscles of the mouth?

Answer 51

Buccinator m. Levator anguli oris m. Depressor labii inferioris m.

Question 52

What is the action of the buccinator m.?

Answer 52

Compress cheek and assist with mastication

Question 53

What muscle elevates the angle of the mouth?

Answer 53

Levator anguli oris m.

Question 54

What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris m.?

Answer 54

Depress lower lip

Question 55

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 55

Temporalis m. Masseter m. Medial pterygoid m. Lateral pterygoid m.

Question 56

What is the action of the temporalis m.?

Answer 56

Elevate and retract mandible

Question 57

What muscle elevates and clenches the mandible?

Answer 57

Masseter m.

Question 58

What is the action of the medial pterygoid m.?

Answer 58

Elevate, protract and rotate mandible

Question 59

What muscle depresses, protrudes and rotates the mandible?

Answer 59

Lateral pterygoid m.

Question 60

What nerve provides sensory to the face and scalp?

Answer 60

CN V

Question 61

What nerves provide sensory to the back of the head, ears, and jaw?

Answer 61

Cervical nn.

Question 62

CN VII provides motor innervation to these muscles.

Answer 62

Muscles of facial expression

Question 63

What division of the trigeminal nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

Answer 63

Mandibular (V3)

Question 64

This nerve runs through the mandible, and is anesthetized to numb the lower teeth.

Answer 64

Inferior alveolar n.

Question 65

What is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar n.?

Answer 65

Mental n.

Question 66

Where is the parotid gland located?

Answer 66

Anterior and inferior to the ear

Question 67

What duct transmits saliva from the parotid gland?

Answer 67

Stensen's duct

Question 68

What muscle does Stensen's duct pierce?

Answer 68

Buccinator m.

Question 69

Where does Stensen's duct open into the oral cavity?

Answer 69

Opposite the 2nd molar

Question 70

This is associated with chronic parotiditis

Answer 70

Calculus formation

Question 71

What nerve passes through the parotid gland?

Answer 71

Facial n.

Question 72

Frey's syndrome is associated with this

Answer 72

Gustatory sweating

Question 73

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

Answer 73

Stylomastiod foramen

Question 74

The facial nerve forms this within the parotid gland

Answer 74

Parotid plexus

Question 75

What is the most common non-traumatic cause of facial paralysis?

Answer 75

Bell's palsy

Question 76

What is the purpose of the buccal fat pad?

Answer 76

Provide protection for the parotid duct and CN VII (buccal branch)

Question 77

Two buccal nn. related to the buccinator m.

Answer 77

CN VII | CN V3

Question 78

What does CN VII provide to the buccinator m.?

Answer 78

Motor

Question 79

What nerve provides sensory to buccal mucosa and skin of the cheek?

Answer 79

CN V3

Question 80

Where does the superficial temporal vein drain into?

Answer 80

Retromandibular v.

Question 81

The superficial temporal artery is a branch of this artery?

Answer 81

External carotid a.

Question 82

What nerve does the superficial temporal artery and vein run with?

Answer 82

Auriculotemporal n.

Question 83

Artery that supplies blood to the parotid gland, duct and masseter m.

Answer 83

Transverse facial artery

Question 84

Where does the transverse facial artery and vein cross the masseter m.?

Answer 84

Between the zygomatic arch and parotid duct

Question 85

Where does the facial artery and vein cross the mandible?

Answer 85

Anterior border of the masseter m.

Question 86

What does the facial artery and vein supply?

Answer 86

Lips and eye