Poultry

Question 1

Name 2 differentials for respiratory disease in all poultry

Answer 1

Avian influenza
Newcastle disease

Question 2

Name 3 routes of transmission for respiratory disease

Answer 2

3 of Eggs, Egg contamination, vertical transmission and environmental

Question 3

Name 2 routes of poultry vaccination

Answer 3

2 of; water, sprays, injection, intra-ocular and in ovo

Question 4

What is the ideal PM batch size?

Answer 4

6

Question 5

What are the issues with vaccination in water?

Answer 5

Chlorination of water reduces efficacy and they do not provide upper respiratory tract immunity

Question 6

What vein and needles size do you use to blood sample?

Answer 6

Brachial vein and 19-23g needle.

Question 7

What respiratory disease do turkeys get that hens do not?

Answer 7

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT)

Question 8

Name 2 diseases that cause sneezing in hens

Answer 8

Infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis and Avian influenza

Question 9

List symptoms of avian influenza

Answer 9

Runny nose, eyelid oedema, sneezing, respiratory distress, haemorrhage, neurological signs, fatality

Question 10

List symptoms of Newcastle disease

Answer 10

Respiratory distress, central nervous signs eg. Head tilt, diarrhoea

Question 11

At what age do chickens often scour from Eimeria

Answer 11

24 days

Question 12

Which clostridium causes enteritis in chickens

Answer 12

Clostridium perfringens

Question 13

List the clinical signs of Clostridial disease

Answer 13

Huddling/depression/dullness with sudden death
Thin necrotic gut walls on PM

Question 14

Predisposing factors for clostridial infection

Answer 14

Concurrent infection
Excessive protein in food
Energy/protein imbalance in food
Sub optimal husbandry
High levels of non-starch polysaccharides in food

Question 15

Treatment for clostridial disease

Answer 15

Amoxicillin 20mg/kg/day orally often through water (tylosin also licensed but protected)
Pre-biotics to help gut Flora
Enzymes (beta mannanases) for protein ingestion

Question 16

What does diarrhoea from brachyspira look like

Answer 16

Yellow and frothy

Question 17

Avian intestinal Spirochaetosis (AIS) is caused by which three organisms

Answer 17

Brachyspira alvinipulli
Brachyspira intermedia
Brachyspira pilosicoli

Question 18

Treatment for brachyspira

Answer 18

Tylosin or tilmicosin (both protected macrolides)

Question 19

Salmonella causes what colour of diarrhoea

Answer 19

Green

Question 20

Symptoms of fowl typhoid (salmonella)

Answer 20

Mortality
Anaemia
Green diarrhoea
Hepatomegaly

Question 21

Treatment for salmonella

Answer 21

None - manage on farm

Question 22

What pathogen is coccidiosis caused by?

Answer 22

Eimeria species

Question 23

What are the 3 major species of chicken Eimeria and where do they infect?

Answer 23

Eimeria acervulina (upper intestine)
Eimeria maxima (upper and middle intestine)
Eimeria tenella (caeca)

Question 24

Why do chickens scour with Eimeria at 24 days?

Answer 24

Estimated 3 Eimeria lifecycles of 8 day length required to stimulate immunity. At 24 days cell mediated immunity kicks in

Question 25

Clinical signs of coccidiosis

Answer 25

Poor FCR Poor bone mineralization Lameness Dehydration Decreased pigmentation

Question 26

Cause of infectious bronchitis (QX)

Answer 26

Gamma coronavirus

Question 27

Control of turkey haemorrhagic enteritis

Answer 27

Vaccination through water at 18-28 days for lifelong immunity

Question 28

What lesion is almost pathognomonic for infectious bursal disease (gumbro)

Answer 28

Bursitis (PCR to confirm)

Question 29

Causes of femoral head necrosis in the bird

Answer 29

Bacteria (S. aureus) Immunosuppression Reovirus

Question 30

What causes hopping lameness associated with rapid growth and insufficient exercise?

Answer 30

Gastrocnemius tendon rupture

Question 31

What does kinky back refer to

Answer 31

Spondylolisthesis

Question 32

List the common causes of lameness in poultry (8 total)

Answer 32

Femoral head necrosis Hock joint infection Osteomyelitis Tibial dyschondroplasia Rickets Pododermatitis Spondylolisthesis (kinky back) Spinal abscesses

Question 33

How can disease spread in hatcheries

Answer 33

Substandard egg washing

Question 34

At what age are poults transferred to release pens

Answer 34

6-7 weeks

Question 35

Signs of yolk sac infection

Answer 35

Malodorous, dehydration, emaciation, omphalitis (umbilical infection), mortality, coliforms and large discoloured yolk sac

Question 36

Signs of starve out/non starters

Answer 36

Weakness, lethargy, mortality Starve out - no ingesta in gizzard Non-starter - ingesta (often bedding), absorbed yolk sac and pale liver

Question 37

Salmonellosis in poults transmission/diagnosis

Answer 37

Contamination of brood hut or vertical Caecal (cores) inflammation on PM Swab liver for isolation

Question 38

What must not be done to a bitted bird

Answer 38

Release them

Question 39

Watery diarrhoea, dehydration,weight loss, lethargy, depression and mortality are signs of

Answer 39

Spiranucleosis and trichomoniasis

Question 40

Coccidiosis seen at what age in poults

Answer 40

21 days to 16 weeks

Question 41

What symptom is pathognomonic for histomoniasis in poults

Answer 41

Multiple Black circular lesions with white rings on the liver

Question 42

How long must eggs and meat be withdrawn for off license drug use in game birds

Answer 42

Egg 7 Meat 28

Question 43

What do drugs need to be okay to use in meat producing anymals

Answer 43

Minimum residue limit (MRL)

Question 44

What is the primary pathogen causing bulgy eye in poults

Answer 44

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 45

Incoordination, tremor and cataracts are signs of

Answer 45

Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV

Question 46

Mycoplasmosis treatment

Answer 46

Aivolsin - licensed

Question 47

Doxycycline is treatment for for which 3 diseases

Answer 47

Spiranucleosis, trichomoniasis and histomoniasis

Question 48

Toltrazuril (boycox) is licensed for what disease in poults

Answer 48

Coccidiosis

Question 49

Are vaccinations used in gamebirds?

Answer 49

Not commonly Newcastle disease and mycoplasma used in parents stock

Question 50

Facts about Dermanyssus gallinae

Answer 50

Blood feeding ectoparasite Difficult to detect and control Treated with fluralaner in water Commercially available vaccine

Question 51

Eimeria tenella facts

Answer 51

Parasites in caeca Gi inflammation/haemorrhage/blood in caeca and droppings, Host specific Shed by clinically infected birds

Question 52

Capillaria facts

Answer 52

Nematode Rapid reproduction Causes mild irritation - death Barrel shape eggs, clear plucks on pole