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DDS LAB > Powders > Flashcards

Powders Flashcards

1
Q

dry finely divided drugs &/ or chemicals

A

POWDERS

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1
Q

intimate mixtures of drugs

A

POWDERS

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2
Q

intended for internal (oral powder) or external use (topical powder)

A

POWDERS

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3
Q

taken orally after mixing with water

A

Internal use of powders

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4
Q

taken orally after mixing with water

A

INTERNAL USE

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5
Q

medicated powders (e.g. analgesic powder)

A

INTERNAL USE:

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6
Q

dusted on the affected area from sifter-type container or applied from powder aerosol

A

EXTERNAL USE

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7
Q

should bear a label marked EXTERNAL USE ONLY

A

EXTERNAL USE

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8
Q

Advantages of Powder

  1. Faster rate of dissolution & absorption/rapid therapeutic
    effect (large surface area)
  2. More stable than liquid
  3. More convenient to swallow than tablet or capsules
  4. Ease in compounding (for eutectic mixture)
  5. Used in blending with medicated application as ointments,
    suppositories and pastes
  6. Can be made into granules for preparing tablets and or
    reconstituted to liquid form
A
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9
Q

Disadvantages of Powder
1. Can’t mask undesirable taste
2. Inconvenient to carry
3. Difficulty of protecting from decomposition (hygroscopic,
deliquescent or aromatic materials)
4. Time and expenses required in the preparation of uniform
powders
5. Inaccuracy in dose

A
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10
Q

reducing the particle size of the powder to increase the solubility of the powder

A

Comminution/Particle size reduction

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11
Q

uses large mills & pulverizers

A

Large Scale

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12
Q

utilizes trituration, pulverization by intervention, levigation

A

Extemporaneous or Small scale

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13
Q

grinding a drug with the use of mortar & pestle

A

Trituration

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14
Q

Trituration on rough surface

A

Porcelain mortar

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15
Q

Trituration on smooth surface

A

Glass mortar

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16
Q

adding of volatile substance that aid in pulverization process (e.g. alcohol & camphor)

A

Pulverization with Intervention-

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17
Q

commonly used in small scale preparation of ointments to reduce the grittiness of added powders

A

Levigation

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18
Q

small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble (e.g. mineral oil, glycerin)

A

Levigating agent

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19
Q

is form by combining a powder and a levigating agent

A

paste

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20
Q

when 2 or more powdered substance are to be combined to form a uniform mixture it is best to reduce
the particle size of each powder

A

Blending/Mixing-

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21
Q

reducing the particle size of solid (comminution) before mixing with other components, further processing, or
incorporation into a final product

A

Mixing

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22
Q

Advantages of Mixing:
◼ Increase surface area which may increase the dissolution area and bioavailability
◼ Facilitates drying of wet masses
◼ Improves blending or mixing
◼ Permits uniform distribution of coloring agents
◼ Improves the function of lubricants
◼ Improve the texture, appearance and physical stability

A
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23
Q

Disadvantages of Mixing:
◼ Can change the polymorphic form of the active ingredient
◼ Degrade the drying
◼ Decrease bulk density
◼ Decrease the particle size which can cause particle aggregation
◼ Decrease dissolution rate
◼ Increase surface area, adsorption

A
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24
uses large mixers
Large Scale Blending/Mixing
25
Enumerate some Extemporaneous/ Small Scale blending
Spatulation Trituration Sifting Tumbling Geometric Dilution
26
movement of spatula on a sheet of paper/ointment tile
Spatulation
27
not suitable for large quantities of powders or powders containing potent substances.
Spatulation
28
suited to mixing solid substances that form eutectic mixtures (or liquefy when in close and prolonged contact with one another).
Spatulation
29
examples that form eutectic mixtures when combined:
phenol camphor menthol, thymol aspirin phenyl salicylate other similar chemicals
30
to comminute and to mix powders
Trituration
31
uses mortar & pestle
Trituration
32
Enumerate the Kinds of Mortar & Pestle:
1. Glass- non-porous, smooth surface (suspensions, ointments) 2. Wedgewood- crystalline solids 3. Porcelain- soft aggregates/ crystalline 4. Metal- not to be used in reactive substance
33
powders mixed by passing through the sifters - results in light, fluffy product.
Sifting
34
what is the result when powders mixed by passing through the sifters
Light, fluffy product
35
not acceptable for incorporation of potent drugs into a diluent powder.
Sifting
36
blending of powder in a rotating chamber (large vessel)
Tumbling
37
What is used in blending of powder in a rotating chamber
large vessel
38
use of a machine / motorized equipment (for industrial purposes).
Tumbling
39
mixing is thorough but time consuming
Tumbling
40
used when a small amount of potent substance is mixed with a large amount of diluent
Geometric Dilution
41
ensure the uniform distribution of the potent drug.
Geometric Dilution
42
combining by portions
Geometric Dilution
43
What are indicated in a geometric dilution when the potent and other ingredients are?
Same color Visible sign of mixing is lacking
44
what ingredients are in convenient concentration using lactose as the diluents for use at the Rx counter.
Strychnine sulfate, arsenic, mercury bichloride, atropine
45
What are the methods of determing the particle size?
Sieving Microscopy Sedimentation rate Light energy diffraction/light scattering Laser holography Cascade implication
46
Particles passed by mechanical shaking through a series of sieves (from 40 to 9500 micrometers, depending upon sieve sizes)
Sieving
47
are made of wire cloth woven from brass, bronze or other suitable wire; they are not coated nor plated
Sieves-
48
Particles are sized through the use of a calibrated grid back ground
Microscopy
49
Particle size is determined by measuring the terminal settling velocity of particles through a liquid medium in a gravitational or centrifugal environment (range: 0.8-300 micrometers)
Sedimentation rate
50
Calculated using the Stoke’s Law.
Sedimentation rate
51
Determined by the reduction in light reaching the sensor as it passes through a sensor; utilizes a He-Ne laser, silicon diode photo diode detectors and an ultrasonic probe
Light energy diffraction/light scattering
52
Pulsed laser is fired through an aerosolized particle spray and photographed in three dimensions with a holographic camera, allowing the particles to be individually imaged and sized
Laser holography
53
Driven by an airstreams will hit a surface in its path, provided that its inertia is sufficient to overcome the drag force that tends to keep in the airstreams.
Cascade impaction
54
Depending on their intended use, powders are packaged and dispensed by pharmacists as:
Bulk powders Divided powders
55
powders dispersed in bulk form
BULK POWDERS
56
Medicated/Oral powders (antacid/ laxative powder)
BULK POWDERS
57
Douche powder (vagina)
BULK POWDERS
58
-Dissolve in warm water for vaginal use
Douche powder (vagina)
59
-Device use to introduce a stream water into the body for medical or hygienic reason usually for vaginal irrigation or any body cavity
Douche powder (vagina)
60
non-medicated powder for external use: powders for ear, nose (Insufflations), throat, tooth sockets (dentrifices)
BULK POWDERS
61
divided portion of powder administered in controlled dosage
DIVIDED POWDERS
62
folded to enclose the medication
DIVIDED POWDERS
63
Latin for divided powders?
Chartulae or Chartula
64
Synonyms for divided powder?
Chart, powder paper, powder pockets
65
What is method used in Divided powder?
Block and Divide method
66
What preparation is divided powder
Preparation 1
67
description of Divided powder
dispensed in individual doses, usually in folded paper
68
Another type of dispensing for divided powders?
metal foil small-heat sealed plastic bags
69
What are disadvantages of divided powder?
Unpleasant Tase Rapid Deteriotation
70
What are the packaging materials used for divided powder?
Simple bond paper Vegetable parchment Glassine Waxed paper
71
opaque paper with no moisture-resistant properties
Simple bond paper
72
thin semi-opaque paper with limited moisture-resistance
Vegetable parchment
73
glazed transparent with limited moisture-resistance
Glassine
74
transparent waterproof paper
Waxed paper
75
absorb moisture but does not liquefy
Hygroscopic
76
materials that liquefy
deliquescent
77
what is the solution for hygroscopic or deliquescent materials of powder?
powders are double wrapped in waxed paper
78
what is the solution for Limited barrier against moisture
Glassine & vegetable parchment papers
79
what is the solution for volatile components
wrapped in waxed or glassine papers and placed them in a heat-sealed plastic bag
80
what is the solution for neither volatile components nor ingredients adversely affected by air or moisture
wrapped in white bond paper
81
What are the Commercially available sizes (powder papers)- choose a convenient size to hold the powders
- 2.75 x 3.75 inches - 3 x 4.5 inches - 3.75 x 5 inches - 4.5 x 6 inches
82
Divided powders can be prepared by:
Individual weighing Block and divide method
83
weigh separately before enfolding in a paper using a digital analytical balance
Individual weighing
84
prepared powder were placed on a flat surface (porcelain, glass plate or pill tile)
Block & divide method
85
using a spatula, form a rectangular or square block of powder having a uniform depth
Block & divide method
86
-using a spatula, the divided portions were cut lengthwise & crosswise
Block & divide method
87
-each smaller blocks is separated, transferred to the paper & wrapped
Block & divide method
88

DDS LAB (9 decks)

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