PPL-Human Factors

Question 1

For exercise to be sufficient, it must be

Answer 1

At least 3 times a week
30 minutes at least
enough to double resting heart rate

Question 2

What is the comfortable operating range for the brain

Answer 2

21-27 degrees celcius

50% humidity

Question 3

When does heat stress occur to the brain

Answer 3

> 32 degrees
Excessive sun
Below 10 degrees

Question 4

If temperatures are above 30 degrees, what amount of water should be consumed at what rate

Answer 4

250ml every 30 mintues

Question 5

How long must you wait after blood donations

Answer 5

24 hrs

Question 6

At sea level, what is a smoker’s physiological altitude

Answer 6

4000ft

Question 7

What is barotrauma

Answer 7

trauma caused by pressure changes

Question 8

What is otic barotrauma

Answer 8

pressure difference between innner and outer ear

Question 9

what is sinus barotrauma

Answer 9

expanding and contracting of gasses in sinuses

Question 10

What is aerodontalgia

Answer 10

caused by air cavities in the teeth

Question 11

What is intestinal barotrauma

Answer 11

caused by gas in the intestines

Question 12

otic barotrauma is most commonly associated with blockage of the

Answer 12

eustachian tube

Question 13

When is otic barotrauma most severe and why?

Answer 13

during a descent as a result of the pressure expanding rather than contracting

Question 14

intestinal barotrauma is usually only apparent

Answer 14

after 25000 ft

Question 15

Why does air sickness occur

Answer 15

Conflicting signals received from our eyes, vestibular organs and proprioception (skeletal system and joints)

Question 16

How long is a class 2 medical valid for

Answer 16

4 years if you are under 40, 2 years if over

Question 17

How long is a class 3 medical certificate valid for

Answer 17

2 years

Question 18

How is alcohol rid from the body

Answer 18

10% through perspiration and urine

90% through metabolic processes in the liver

Question 19

…. hours from bottle to throttle

Answer 19

8

Question 20

What is the legal BAC

Answer 20

0.02%

Question 21

What does IMSAFE stand for

Answer 21

Illness
medication
stress
alcohol
fatigue
Eating/emotion

Question 22

What is a healthy blood pressure

Answer 22

120/80

Question 23

What is hypertension

Answer 23

Excessively high blood pressure making it difficult for the heart to operate

Question 24

Complex tasks are better performed at what level of arousal

Answer 24

low

Question 25

Simple tasks are better performed at what level of arousal

Answer 25

high

Question 26

At what altitude does it become necessary to breathe 100% oxygen

Answer 26

40,000 ft

Question 27

What are some symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 27

Impaired Judgement Nausea and headache, frequent yawning Tingling Cyanosis Personality changes- euphoria or aggression Poor muscular control and lack of coordination Poor concentration, failure of short term memory Vision deteriorates- first peripheral and night vision, then day colour. Touch and hearing deterioration

Question 28

At 20,000 ft, how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic

Answer 28

10 minutes moderate activity, 20 minutes light activity

Question 29

At 25,000 ft, how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic

Answer 29

3 minutes moderate, 5 minutes light

Question 30

at 30,000 ft how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic

Answer 30

1 minute moderate, 3 minutes light

Question 31

At what altitude does degradation of night vision occur

Answer 31

4000 ft

Question 32

What is hyperventialtion

Answer 32

breathing at a rate excessive of that needed to remove carbon dioxide, leading to a reduction of brain artery diameter

Question 33

What are some symptoms of hyperventilation

Answer 33

Light-headedness or dizziness A tingling, or numbness of the fingers, hands, toes and lips A stiffening of the fingers, hands, toes and lips Anxiety and chest pains Reduced performance Stiffening/spasm of peripheral limb muscles Collapse and unconsciousness

Question 34

Grey-out occurs around what levels of g

Answer 34

3.5-4.5 g

Question 35

Black out occurs around what level of g

Answer 35

5 g

Question 36

What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did not require a decompression stop

Answer 36

4 hrs

Question 37

What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did require a decompression stop but was less than 4 hrs

Answer 37

12 hrs

Question 38

What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did require a decompression stop andwas morethan 4 hrs

Answer 38

48 hrs

Question 39

What are the four refractive errors

Answer 39

Hyperopia (long sightedness) Myopia (short sightedness) Astigmatism (blurry vision) Presbyopia (natural condition of aging)

Question 40

To function properly at night, what chemical needs to assist our eyes

Answer 40

rhodopsin

Question 41

How long does it take for rhodopsin to come into effect

Answer 41

30-45 minutes

Question 42

What can prolonged exposure to glare do to our night vision

Answer 42

reduce its ability by 30-50% lasting up to 7 days

Question 43

What is empty sky myopia

Answer 43

When the eyes have nothing to focus on, they adopt a rest position and focus 1-2 metres ahead. As a result objects coming into our field of vision will not be noticed.

Question 44

what db level is hearing damage most likely to occur

Answer 44

85db or more

Question 45

Otolith organs are responsible for

Answer 45

sense of acceleration and deceleration

Question 46

The semi-circular canals are responsible for what

Answer 46

sensing angular ACCELERATION

Question 47

What are the leans

Answer 47

When we detect that we are in a bank when truly we are straight and level

Question 48

What is a somatogravic illusion

Answer 48

When we accelerate we detect a pitch up movement

Question 49

What is an autokinetic illusion

Answer 49

The eyes dart about when looking at a bright object against a dark background because they have nothing to focus on, thus making the object appear to move around

Question 50

what is the coroilis illusion

Answer 50

When the semi-circular canals to swap axis (yaw to roll), disorientating the individual

Question 51

What is atmospheric transparency

Answer 51

Objects appear to be further or closer than they ACTUALLY ARE as a result of poor atmospheric transperency

Question 52

The basic threat and error management technique is

Answer 52

Anticipation Recognition Recovery