PPP flashcards

Question 0

What was encouraged by the ordinance of 1785?

Answer 0

The grid system

Question 1

Civic spaces around a pinwheel arrangement of streets

Answer 1

Turbine square

Question 2

Development pattern: simplest, growth follows the grid pattern

Answer 2

Expanding grid

Question 3

Development pattern: revolves around the urban core

Answer 3

Star pattern

Question 4

Development pattern: no central focus or apparent overall organization

Answer 4

Field pattern

Question 5

Development pattern: central urban core with other major cores surrounding. Outer cores connected with beltway

Answer 5

Satellite pattern

Question 6

Development pattern: two or more major urban centers near each other grow together

Answer 6

Megalopolis

Question 7

Spaces that tend to bring people together

Answer 7

Sociopetal

Question 8

Spaces that tend to discourage interaction or social contact

Answer 8

Sociofugal

Question 9

Crime prevention through environmental design

Answer 9

Defensible space

Question 10

Small area in which a number of people live who share similar needs and desires in housing, social activity and other day to day living

Answer 10

Neighborhood

Question 11

Slope 
0% - 4%
4% - 10%
Over 10%
Over 25%

Answer 11

0% - 4% usable for all types
4% - 10% informal movement
Over 10% difficult and expensive to build on
Over 25% very steep subject to erosion

Question 12

Study determines how existing buildings, streets, and public spaces contribute to the neighborhood image

Answer 12

Imageability

Question 13

The original concept of the neighborhood by

Answer 13

Clarence Perry

Question 14

The time rate of flow of heat through a material

Answer 14

Conductivity
High = heat pass quickly
Low = retard heat passage
Natural materials are low

Question 15

Ground surface with low albedo and high conductivity tends to

Answer 15

Moderate and stabilize the microclimate

Excess heat is absorbed quickly and released when the temperature drops

Question 16

The study of living organisms in relation to their environment

Answer 16

Ecology

Question 17

Formal process to predict how a development will affect the environment, including the air, water, land, and wildlife

Answer 17

National environmental policy act of 1969

Question 18

An area whose soil is inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water frequently enough that it can support plants that are adapted to living in saturated soil

Answer 18

Wetland
Jurisdictional wetland

Protected by government through clean water act of 1972

Question 19

Imaginary inclined plane beginning at the lot line or the center of the street and sloping at a prescribed angle toward and over the lot. Building cannot extend into this plane

Answer 19

Bulk plane restriction

Question 20

Allows a nonconforming use or other use in the zoning ordinance if the property owner meets certain restrictions

Answer 20

Conditional use permit

Question 21

Deeds to property can contain provisions that restrict the use of the property by the buyer. Most often used in a residential subdivision

Answer 21

Restrictive covenants

Question 22

Evaluates the environmental impacts from initial raw material extraction to final recycling, reuse or disposal of a material

Answer 22

Life-cycle assessment (LCA)

Question 23

A tax based on the value of property being taxed

Answer 23

Ad valorem tax

Question 24

A method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements within a specified district that are intended to stimulate private development within the district

Answer 24

Tax increment financing

Question 25

Generally used to fund infrastructure improvements made necessary by new development

Answer 25

Developer impact fees

Question 26

Used to fund public space improvements. Taxes are assessed on those property owners in the district who would benefit from the improvements

Answer 26

Business improvement districts

Question 27

For a new client wanting a speculative type of building which compensation method is best?

Answer 27

Multiple of direct personnel expense - includes the salaries of people working on the job and their required benefits, plus overhead and profit. Time-based method of compensation

Question 28

AIA document that states consultants are responsible for code compliance regarding their areas of the work

Answer 28

AIA document C401

Question 29

AIA document that grants the owner a nonexclusive license to the instruments of service for the purpose of constructing the project. Owner may reproduce documents to facilitate construction

Answer 29

AIA document B101 If architect is in default the owner receives nonexclusive right to copy

Question 30

``` AIA documents A-series B-series C-series D-series E-series F-series G-series ```

Answer 30

``` AIA documents A-series owner/general contractor B-series owner / architect C-series consultants, joint ventures D-series misc. docs E-series exhibits F-series reserved for future use G-series contract admin. Project management firms ```

Question 31

Party responsible for determining the time limits for construction

Answer 31

The owner AIA document A201

Question 32

The legal technique whereby an insurer "steps into the shoes" of a party to whom it has made payment

Answer 32

Subrogation

Question 33

The cost to pay off the construction loan for a project and is generally considered an ongoing cost over many years

Answer 33

Debt service

Question 34

Contractor's overhead and profit typically amount to what percentage of the construction cost ?

Answer 34

15% - 40%

Question 35

Used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell

Answer 35

Blanket loan

Question 36

Short-term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan

Answer 36

Bridge loan

Question 37

Large loans with a variable interest rate that increase substantially near the time that the repayment is due

Answer 37

Mezzanine loans

Question 38

Requires developers to either dedicate some land for public use or contribute cash for the purchase of land and facilities

Answer 38

Subdivision exactions

Question 39

These fees are used to fund public space improvements, like parks and streetscapes, in order to enhance an area's appeal and indirectly its property values

Answer 39

Special district assessments

Question 40

The legal ability of a developer to develop a parcel of land

Answer 40

Development rights

Question 41

A document that gives up a persons right to claim a lien against property

Answer 41

Lien waiver

Question 42

A discount factor that is used to convert an annual amount, which is changing year to year at a given escalation rate, to a time equivalent present value

Answer 42

Modified uniform present worth factor

Question 43

A minor or smaller tenant in a shopping center

Answer 43

Satellite tenant

Question 44

The illegal practice of charging exorbitant interest rates on a loan

Answer 44

Usury

Question 45

The establishment of common standards for rooms, spaces, and activities based on the measurement of similar facilities

Answer 45

Benchmarking

Question 46

Primary activities referred to as: | Secondary spaces referred to as:

Answer 46

``` Primary = net assignable area Secondary = unassigned areas ```

Question 47

A contingency normally equates to what percentage ?

Answer 47

5% to 10%

Question 48

The costs of past projects of similar scope and function are used to estimate the cost of the new project

Answer 48

Project comparison method Used when setting a budget or determining a projects feasibility Accuracy = 15% to 25%

Question 49

Usually conducted when preliminary design is completed. An average cost per unit of area or volume may be used

Answer 49

Area or volume method Accuracy = 5% to 15%

Question 50

Budgeting is based on major subsystems

Answer 50

Assembly or system method Used during schematic design Accuracy = within 10%

Question 51

Expanded itemization of construction quantities and assignment of unit costs to these quantities Possible to evaluate the cost implications of each building component and to make decisions concerning both quantity and quality

Answer 51

Parameter method Used during later stages of schematic and early stages of construction documents

Question 52

Contractors profit range

Answer 52

5% to 20%

Question 53

Four major parts of a project manual

Answer 53

Bidding requirements Parts of the contract (owner/contractor agreement) and bond forms General and supplementary conditions Technical specifications

Question 54

Establishing cost of a fast-track project | Fixed-price method

Answer 54

Stipulated sum or lump sum The contractor gives the owner a set price for completing the project Owner knows final cost before construction begins Owner does not share in cost savings

Question 55

Establishing cost of a fast-track project | Guaranteed maximum price

Answer 55

Owner has a fixed, maximum price that the contractor guarantees Project completed for less than this amount, the client receives the cost savings

Question 56

Establishing cost of a fast-track project | Cost-plus-fee method

Answer 56

Owner pays the actual cost of construction plus a fee that is agreed to before construction begins

Question 57

Disadvantages (owner) of design-build delivery method

Answer 57

Owner does not have as much control over design Disagreements concerning what is supposed to be included Design-build firm has control over quality of materials and construction methods Client must develop a specific set of performance requirements

Question 58

Advantages (owner) design-build delivery method

Answer 58

Single source of responsibility Fixed price early Total time of design and construction reduced

Question 59

Establishing cost of a fast-track project | Fixed-price method

Answer 59

Stipulated sum or lump sum The contractor gives the owner a set price for completing the project Owner knows final cost before construction begins Owner does not share in cost savings

Question 60

Establishing cost of a fast-track project | Guaranteed maximum price

Answer 60

Owner has a fixed, maximum price that the contractor guarantees Project completed for less than this amount, the client receives the cost savings

Question 61

Establishing cost of a fast-track project | Cost-plus-fee method

Answer 61

Owner pays the actual cost of construction plus a fee that is agreed to before construction begins

Question 62

Disadvantages (owner) of design-build delivery method

Answer 62

Owner does not have as much control over design Disagreements concerning what is supposed to be included Design-build firm has control over quality of materials and construction methods Client must develop a specific set of performance requirements

Question 63

Advantages (owner) design-build delivery method

Answer 63

Single source of responsibility Fixed price early Total time of design and construction reduced