What are the 6 First officer responsibilities?
Assess hazards to yourself and others, check for signs of life, render or organise first aid, determine the nature and size of the crime scene, determine an entry point for the crime scene which you believe was not used by the suspect and remove all people from the crime scene through the entry point
What does Section 88 relate to
Powers to establish a crime scene on a PREMISES restricted by 3 hours, to exercise crime scene powers (under S95) and to stay on the premises for the purposes of the crime scene
What does Section 89 relate to
Powers to establish a crime scene on a PUBLIC PLACE, there is no time limit, provisions of LEPRA still apply
What does Section 90 relate to
Section 90 MUST HAVE ONE OF THESE TO ESTABLISH A CRIME SCENE
(1) (A) a traffic accident that has resulted in death or serious injury. (1) (B) a serious indictable offence is being or was or may have been committed on the premises. (1) (C) there may be on the premises evidence of a serious indictable offence that may have been committed elsewhere
What does section 91 relate to
Specifies how a crime scene may be established
What are good investigator qualities
High level motivation, exercise personal initiative, critical thinker
What is the scientific method
is a way of observing thinking about and solving problems objectively and systematically
What are the 6 steps of the scientific method
State the problem, Form the hypothesis, Collect data, Interpret the data as a test of the hypothesis, If the data supports the hypothesis so far continue to collect additional data and finally draw conclusions
What is inculpatory evidence
Evidence that supports a prosecution’s case against a suspect. It is incriminating evidence that supports your case
What is exculpatory evidence
Evidence that disproves or negates a conclusion you have reached. It may also assist the suspect and disprove the hypothesis
What is a brief of evidence?
A compilation of statements taken from witnesses, victims and police together with other pieces of evidence that may include photographs, weapons, exhibits
What are the three sources of information
People Sources (witnesses, suspects or informants) Physical (weapons, blood, clothing) and Records (CCTV, ledgers, bank records, Newspaper articles)
Why do police rely on the three sources of informaton
Police rely on these sources because the search for the truth is best achieved through an exhaustive search and analysis of information. Police rarely witness a crime happening and must rely on information to help solve crime
Define a source
A source is a person who comes forward with information, either a police informant (person with criminal history or association) or a community-minded member (in good faith)
What are the two types of crime scenes
Primary and Secondary
What is a crime scene
an area surrounding a site that a criminal act took place where evidence may be found
What do police need to do when dealing with witnesses at crime scenes
Record (names, particulars, contact info), Isolate (separate victims and witnesses from each other to avoid contamination of versions) and Detain (where possible and with witness consent, CANNOT ARREST OR DETAIN WITNESSES OR VICTIMS)
What do police need to do when dealing with suspects/offenders at crime scenes
Suspects/offenders found at crime scenes should be escorted from the scene and searched, separated and secured. WHETHER ARRESTED OR NOT YOU MUST REMOVE THEM FROM THE CRIME SCENE
How do police conduct interviews
Casual interviews, notebook interviews, formal typed interviews and electronically recorded interview with suspected persons
What is the PEACE model
Planning & Preparation, Engage & Explain, Account Stage (Interviewee’s version), Closure and Evaluation
What are the core skills of interviewing
Ask open questions, active listening and comprehensive note taking
What are contemporaneous notes
Written (handwritten or typed written) notes made by a person at the time or shortly after the event took place
What is a primary victim
a victim who has suffered physical harm, emotional trauma and or personal or property loss from any criminal activity or emergency
What is a secondary victim
someone who has witnessed a crime or is concerned for those who are victims and might be adversely affected by the experience
What is original authority
It is your decision to enforce your powers, no one can delegate you to use your powers as you will be accountable
What is the aim of investigations
To determine if a crime has been committed, to obtain evidence, to take action, to recover stolen property and present the best case to the prosecutor
What is the equation of intelligence
information + analysis = intelligence
What does section 92 relate to
Exercising powers at a crime scene
What does section 93 relate to
Notifying a supervisor that a crime scene has been established
What does section 94 relate to
Crime scene warrants
What does section 95(A) relate to
relates to stolen vehicles
What does section 95(1) relate to
Sets out the functions a police officer can exercise on a crime scene. (a)-(f) relates to protection of the crime scene. (g)-(p) relates to investigatory functions
What does section 95(2) relate to
(a) Gives police powers to remove the “thing” from the crime scene
(b) Gives police powers to guard the “thing” on the crime scene
What is an exhibit
It is anything of a tangible nature that assists in establishing in a proof or tends to establish a proof of an offence
What is declarative memory
It is memory of dates, historical facts and telephone numbers (memory for facts and events)
What is procedural memory
It is memory of abilities (driving a car, riding a bike, tie a shoe lace) (memory for procedures and abilities)
What are the three types of memory
Sensory, Short term and long term memory
Define sensory memory
it is the first level of memory which retains brief impressions of a stimulus after it has ended
What are the two issues about sensory memory
This kind of memory is closely associated with perception and heavily influenced by attention. Information must go through attention mechanisms of the brain to get from sensory memory to short term memory
What are the 4 causes or faulty memory are
Medication, Alcohol, Smoking, Caffeine
What are the objectives in an interview
Interviews are to be conducted ethically and professionally. Statements are to adhere to all the rules of evidence
Define the cognitive model
The Cognitive model is designed for use with cooperative subjects such as witnesses or victims, to maximise their memory recall.
Define the conversation management model
The C.M. model is a structured process of planning and questioning designed for potentially uncooperative subjects such as suspects, to maximise the flow of information
Explain the charter of victims rights
it recognises victims rights, establishes fair treatment, entitles victims to information & assistance. THE CHARTER HAS 18 RIGHTS. This charter MUST BE COMPLIED WITH (statutory obligation)
Explain what ADVOKAT is in relation to the cognitive interview wheel
Amount of time, distance, visibility, obstructions, known or seen before, any reason to notice, time since observation. ADVOKAT. step 5 of the cognitive interview wheel
What are the 5 steps in the cognitive interview wheel
Free recall, sketch, probe, description, advokat (FSPDA or fuck suck puck duck advofuck)
what is involved in the free recall process in relation to the cognitive interview wheel
ask open ended questions (eg can you tell me what happened). do not interrupt the person or ask questions during this stage
what is an exhibit
anything of tangible nature that assists in establishing or tends to establish a proof of an offence
what is involved in the sketch stage in relation to the cognitive interview wheel
ask the subject to sketch the scene and put as much detail on it as possible, sign and date at bottom
what is involved in the probing questions stage in relation to the cognitive interview wheel
use the 5 w’s and h (who what why when where and how)
focus on specific details in questions
what is involved in the ADVOKAT questions stage in relation to the cognitive wheel
questions to gain responses (how long witness saw the incident for, how far away they were, was it dark or foggy/weather conditions, anything obstructing the view of the incident, if they knew anyone involved, what made them notice the incident and how long ago did the incident happen)
what is involved in the ADVOKAT questions stage in relation to the cognitive wheel
questions to gain responses (how long witness saw the incident for, how far away they were, was it dark or foggy/weather conditions, anything obstructing the view of the incident, if they knew anyone involved, what made them notice the incident and how long ago did the incident happen)
what is an event line
sequence of events based on the interviewees free-recall, is broken down into events on a timeline to maximise gain of information
What is the aim of the investigator
search for the truth
How is the office of constable associated with the investigative role of police
the investigative role of police is directly linked to the core objective of the office of constable through preventing and detecting crime
define critical thinking
critical thinking is thinking systematically and objectively, considering all information and linking information together to determine the truth
what is direct evidence
direct evidence proves or disproves an issue. (example; a victim is direct evidence)
what is indirect evidence
a person may have witnessed an offender leave and is not directly in the act of the crime
what the three types of people sources
persons of interest, victim, witness
what are the three types of evidence
- original (people) 2. real (physical 3. documentary (records)
What are the 5 senses used when attending a crime scene
stop look listen smell think
what is section 90 (1), what are the three circumstances in which a crime scene be established
(a) serious indictable offence may be committed
(b) serious traffic incident resulting in death or serious injury
(c) there may be evidence on the scene related to a serious indictable offence
Under S88 (1) what are three things a police officer may exersise
(A) establish a crime scene on premises
(B) exercise crime scene powers in accordance with this part
(C) stay on the crime scene for the above purposes
list 5 obligations under the charter of victims rights
Show curtsey, respect and compassion, advice on medical and counselling service, information on progress of investigation, bail conditions imposed on the suspect and the outcomes of court proceedings
what is a jewrat
a jewish rat
what is a jurat
legally required, it is an an acknowledgement from the person making a statement that it is accurate and true and that they will be liable for prosecution if it is false. it forms the first paragraph of all statements in indictable offences
what can you do in the three hour time limit when at a crime
exercise functions in accordance with section 95 (1) (a)-(f) (protection of the crime scene)
what method of interviewing do you take when you are with an unwilling subject (suspect or offender)
the conversation management model. this helps with maximising the flow of information
what is miscellaneous property
is lost property and is not evidence or an exhibit, must be documented and recorded in the police station and you get a reciept
what is S 96 lepra
obstruction/hinderance of a crime scene
who are the investigative services at a crime scene
ballistics, photo-gammatry, forensics, medical officers
who can enter a crime scene
anyone with a genuine reason, when entering record details on crime scene log and if unsure check with crime scene investigator
what is the core objective of police
preventing and detective of crime through application of good investigative skills
what is an objective of an investigation
to search for the truth
what is intangible
something you cant touch (a statement, words)
