Practical 2 Flashcards
1
Q
A
Foliose Lichen
2
Q
A
Crustose Lichen
3
Q
A
Fruticose Lichen
4
Q
A
Penicillium spp
5
Q
A
Rhizopus spp
6
Q
A
hypha
7
Q
A
mycelium (network of hyphae)
8
Q
A
mycorrhizae on plant roots
9
Q
general traits that characterize members of Kingdom Animalia
A
- Chemoheterotroph
- multicellular eukaryotes
- tissues that develop from embryonic layers
10
Q
Major Fungal Groups
A
- Zoopagomycota
- Chytridiomycota
- Murcoromycota
- Ascomycota
- Basidiomycota
11
Q
Cryptomycota
A
- Parasitic
- Flagellated spores
12
Q
Microsporidia
A
- parasitic
- harpoons
13
Q
Chytridiomycota
A
- Flagellated Spores
14
Q
Murcuromycota
A
- Include mycorrhizae that form symbiotic relationship with plants
- Black bread mold
15
Q
Ascomycota
A
- has sexual spores held in asci (sac)
16
Q
Zoopagomycota
A
17
Q
Basidiomycota
A
- fruiting body (basidiocarp)
- sexual spores
18
Q
What were some disadvantages for moving up to land?
A
Maintaining Moisture
Supporting their body
Obtaining resources
19
Q
Adaptation: How do plants maintain moisture?
A
land plants have a waxy cuticle and cells that open and close the stomata
bring carbon in and letting waste and water out
20
Q
Adaptation: How do plants support their body?
A
lignin helps plants support their body against the pull of gravity
21
Q
Adaptation: How do plants obtain resources
A
on land, plants obtain water and minerals from roots in the soil
CO2 from the air and sunlight through leaves in the air
22
Q
Sporophyte is the only ____ lifestage
A
Diploid
23
Q
sepals
A
green bottom leaves that enclose the flower before it blooms (not gender specific)
24
Q
petals
A
bright colored leaves that attract animal pollinators (not gender specific)
25
stamens consists of…
Filament & Anther (Male parts)
26
filament
holds up anther
27
anther
Where pollen is made
28
carpels consists of…
stigma, style, & ovary (female parts)
29
stigma
sticky for pollination
30
style
where sperm travels down
31
ovary
where fertilization occurs
32
Seed dispersal Mechanisms
natural elements (water/wind)
hitching ride on animals
ingestion
33
Fruits
ripened ovaries of flowers
adaptations that protect and disperse seeds
34
Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?
Haploid
35
Gametes: haploid or diploid?
Haploid
36
Are sporophytes haploid or diploid?
Diploid
37
Spores: haploid or diploid?
Haploid
38
What is the dominant life stage for nonvasular plants
Gametophyte
39
What is the dominant life stage for seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, and gymnosperms?
Sporophyte
40
What are Similarities between plants and Charophytes
share same ancestor
multicell organisms
photoautotrophic
41
What is a difference between plants and charophytes
plant cell walls contain cellulose (not in algae)
42
Monocots (one cotyledon)
single leaf
25% of angiosperms
grass-like
orchids, grasses, palm-trees
43
Dicots (two cotyledon)
two baby leaves
44
eudicot (true dicots)
new dicots
legume and rose family
45
How do monocot and eudicot embryos differ?
Monocot has one cotyledon
eudicot embryos have two cotyledons
46
How do monocot and eudicot leaves differ?
Monocot leaf veins are parallel
Eudicot leaf veins are netlike
47
How do monocot and eudicot stems differ?
Monocot tissue is scattered
Eudicot tissue is arranged in a ring
48
How do monocot and eudicot roots differ?
Monocot roots are fibrous (no main root)
Eudicots have taproot (main root usually present)
49
How do monocot and eudicot pollen differ?
Monocot pollen grains have one opening
Eudicot pollen grains have three openings
50
How do monocot and eudicot flowers differ?
Monocot flower organs come in multiples of 3
Eudicot floral organs come in multiples of 4/5
51
What is the closest living land relative to plants?
Green Algae/Charophytes?
52
Mitosis
cells make exact copies of themselves
53
Meiosis
ploidy will divide in half
54
Hepatophyta (liverwort)
55
Anthocerotophyta (hornwort)
56
Bryophyta (moss)
57
Lycophyta
58
Sphenophyta (horsetail)
59
Pterophyta ( fern )
60
Species richness
The number of species in a biological community.
61
relative abundance
The proportional abundance of different species in a community.
62
3 components of biodiversity
genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity
62
3 components of biodiversity
genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity
63
herbivory
+: herbivore eats part of plant
-: Plant gets harm but doesn't die/takes energy to regrow
64
Mutualism
++: both species benefit
65
Commensalism
+/0: one benefits the other is not harmed; wildflowers, trees
66
Parasitism
+/-: one benefits the other is harmed or killed; tapeworms
67
predation
+/-: one organism is killed (prey) the other eats the organism (predator)
68
Lophotrochozoan Phyla
Platyhelminthes
Rotiferia
Mollusca
Annelida
69
Ecdysozoan phyla
Nematoda
Arthropoda
70
Deuterostome phyla
Echinodermata
Chordata
71
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Cestoda
Trematoda
72
Phylum Mollusca
Polyplacophora
Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
Bivalvia
73
Annelida
polychaeta
Hirudinea
Oligochaeta
74
Arthropoda Subphylum
Chelicerata
Myriapoda
Crustacea
Hexapoda
75
Chordata Subphylum
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
76
Chordata Classes
Myxini
Petrozontida
Chondrichtheys
Ostiechthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
77
Phylum Ctenophora
comb jellies
78
Platyhelminthes
flatworms/all bilateral after this
79
Turbellaria
free living carnivores
flatworm
80
cestoda
tapeworms
81
trematoda
flukes
82
First phylum with a complete gut
rotifera
83
Mollusca
visceral mass: contains the guts of mollusca
84
Polyplacophora
many plates (marine)
85
Gastropoda
snails and slugs only terrestrial mollusc
86
Cephalopoda
squids and octopi
87
bivalvia
clams and stuff
88
Annelida what spearates them
segmentation
89
polychaeta
marine annelids
90
hirudinea
leeches
91
oligochaeta
earthworms
92
exdysozoans
exoskeleton that shreds (ecdysis)
93
Nematoda what differentiates them
round worms
94
Arthropoda
- body made of 3 parts
- molts
95
chelicerata
fangs
horseshoe crab
spiders and stuff
96
Myriapoda
Many legged
millipedes and centipedes
97
Crustacea
- crustaceans (almost all aquatic)
- Isopods (only terrestrial)
- crab
- shrimp
- barnacles
98
Hexapoda
6 legs
segmented body
- metamorphosis
99
Echinodermata
sea urchins and sea stars
100
Chordata
- dorsal hollow nerve cord (along the back)
- notochord
- pharyngeal slits
- post anal tail (muscular)
101
- Urochordata
- tunicates
- looks like cordate when they are larva
102
- cephalochordate
- lancelets
- embedded in marine sand
103
Myxini
- cartilaginous skull
- marine
104
Petrozontida
Lancelets
feed by clamping their mouth on live fish
105
Chondrichthyes
Sharks and Rays
Oily liver
106
Amphibia
- larva aquatic
- terrestrial adult
- frogs, salamanders
107
Ostiechthyes
- skeleton reinforced with calcium phosphate
- bony fishes and tetrapods
108
Reptilia
ectothermic except for birds
109
Mammalia
- mammary glands
- hair/fur
- high metabolic rate (endothermy)
- larger brain
- differentiated teeth
