practical 2: ekg

Question 1

when the atrium contracts, marks start of systole

Answer 1

p wave

Question 2

starts atrial diastole and start of ventricular systole

Answer 2

qrs complex

Question 3

what happens between s and t wave

Answer 3

lub

Question 4

relaxation of ventricle (wave?)

Answer 4

t wave

Question 5

1st impulse of electricity in heart

Answer 5

sa node

Question 6

sparks depolarization bc gap junctions in both atria

Answer 6

sa node

Question 7

receives signal and pauses and holds, then let go. connected to cardiomyocites

Answer 7

av node

Question 8

apex of heart is closest to

Answer 8

left hip

Question 9

the activity of the heart can be measured by both

Answer 9

invasive and non-invasive methods

Question 10

include pulmonary artery catheters and central venous pressure lines

Answer 10

invasive

Question 11

include blood pressure, pulse, auscultation, and eks

Answer 11

noninvasive techniques

Question 12

measures electrical activity of the heart

Answer 12

electrocardiogram

Question 13

possesses specialized cardiac muscle tissue which is able to generate spontaneous depolarizations

Answer 13

the heart

Question 14

where do spontaneous depolarizations occur in the heart

Answer 14

sinoatrial node

Question 15

what does the resulting electrical impulses (action potentials) of sa node do

Answer 15

moves thru right and left myocardium resulting in synchronous contraction of both chambers

Question 16

lies at the base of right atrium

Answer 16

av node (atrioventricular node)

Question 17

lies in the interventricular septum

Answer 17

bundle of his

Question 18

after bundle of his

Answer 18

bundle branches

Question 19

after bundle branches.
-located thruout the myocardium of the ventricle walls as well as papillary muscles

Answer 19

purkinje fibers

Question 20

stimulate the synchronous contraction of both ventricles as well as papillary muscles

Answer 20

purkinje fibers

Question 21

contraction phase of the heart

Answer 21

systole

Question 22

relaxation phase

Answer 22

diastole

Question 23

indicates the pressure exerted at each stage which in turn indicates the mechanical function of heart

Answer 23

blood pressure measurements

Question 24

utilized to measure electrical activity only and cannot determine the hearts mechanical energy

Answer 24

ecg

Question 25

why is the human body a good conductor of electrical impulses

Answer 25

because of high concentrations of ions in body fluid

Question 26

electrical impulses produced by body travel thru body fluids to

Answer 26

body surface

Question 27

how can electrical impulses be detected

Answer 27

placing electrodes on different areas of the body

Question 28

record the differences in potentials between two of the leads, the third act as a ground -aka bipolar limb leads (ra,la,ll)

Answer 28

standard limb leads (1.2.3)

Question 29

the triangle formed by electrode placement is called

Answer 29

einthovens triangle

Question 30

a more detailed explanation of the hearts electrical activity can be conducted in --- -commonly referred to as --- and is routinely conducted in a clinical setting

Answer 30

-unipolar leads -12 lead ecg

Question 31

unipolar chest leads are placed

Answer 31

v1-v6

Question 32

commonly used to detect heart electral activity

Answer 32

lead 2 (LL-RA)

Question 33

represents the electrical depolarization of the atria that occurs just prior to atrial contraction

Answer 33

p wave

Question 34

produced by the depolarization of ventricles just prior to ventricular contraction

Answer 34

qrs complex

Question 35

produced by repolarization of ventricles which occur during diastole

Answer 35

t wave

Question 36

measured from the beginning of the p wave to the beginning of the q wave and is an estimate of the time of conduction through the av node

Answer 36

p-q interval

Question 37

in an ekg, what determines a healthy individual

Answer 37

three sets of waves occur in a lead 2 ekg

Question 38

bradycardia

Answer 38

slow

Question 39

tachycardia

Answer 39

fast

Question 40

a type of irregular heartbeat where the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly, often at a rate of 250 to 300 beats per minute. While the atria are beating rapidly, the ventricles (lower chambers) may not beat as fast, leading to a relatively regular, but fast, heartbeat

Answer 40

atrial flutter

Question 41

an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat chaotically and out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles). This irregular heartbeat can lead to serious complications like stroke and heart failure.

Answer 41

atrial fibrillation

Question 42

also known as first-degree heart block, is a mild form of arrhythmia characterized by a prolonged PR interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG). This means the electrical signal takes longer than normal to travel from the atria (upper heart chambers) to the ventricles (lower heart chambers). This can lead to a slower-than-normal heart rate, also known as bradycardia.

Answer 42

first degree av block

Question 43

a heart condition where not all electrical signals from the atria (upper chambers) to the ventricles (lower chambers) are transmitted, resulting in missed heartbeats

Answer 43

second degree av block

Question 44

also known as complete heart block, is a condition where the electrical signal from the heart's upper chambers (atria) to the lower chambers (ventricles) is completely blocked. This means the atria and ventricles contract independently, leading to a potentially dangerous slow heart rate and reduced cardiac output.

Answer 44

third degree av block

Question 45

extra heartbeats that originate in the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, causing the heart to beat earlier than it should.

Answer 45

premature ventricular contractions

Question 46

a dangerous heart rhythm where the heart's lower chambers beat too fast. This rapid heartbeat can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood to the body, potentially leading to loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, and even cardiac arrest.

Answer 46

ventricular tachycardia

Question 47

the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart quiver instead of contracting normally, leading to a lack of blood flow and potentially cardiac arrest

Answer 47

ventricular fibrillation -The quivering means that your heart is not pumping blood out to the rest of your body.

Question 48

what is a normal heart rate in humans (bpm)

Answer 48

60/100 bpm

Question 49

pacemaker of the heart

Answer 49

sa node

Question 50

what are abnormal heart sounds called

Answer 50

murmurs

Question 51

an abnormally long p-r interval indicates

Answer 51

first degree av block

Question 52

this ecg wave occurs before ventricles contract

Answer 52

p wave

Question 53

this ecg wave occurs after ventricles contract

Answer 53

t wave

Question 54

contraction phase of heart

Answer 54

systole

Question 55

relaxation phase of heart

Answer 55

diastole

Question 56

leads 1,2,3 are called the standard --- leads

Answer 56

bipolar limb

Question 57

blood passing and pumping of blood

Answer 57

pulse

Question 58

why do we not take pulse on both coratid arteries at same time

Answer 58

pressure tells brain and it will lower blood pressure wich results in pass out. cut off blood supply to brain

Question 59

what receptor is on coratid artery

Answer 59

baroreceptor (pressure)

Question 60

why dont we take pulse with thumbs

Answer 60

thumbs have pulse too

Question 61

listening to heart

Answer 61

auscultation

Question 62

feeling pulse

Answer 62

palpation

Question 63

what tool do we use for heart murmurs, respritory, and abdomin

Answer 63

stethoscope

Question 64

what artery is used during bp test

Answer 64

brachial artery