practical 2: hematocrit

Question 1

refers to a highly complex mixture of cells, water, proteins, enzymes, salt, hormones, gases, and waste products

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

carries the nutrients, water, hormones, vitamins, and oxygen necessary for metabolic processes in the cell and transports cellular wastes to organs for disposal

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

what do the contents of blood play a role in

Answer 3

establishing blood pressure, which directly influences functioning of the heart

Question 4

plays a major role in immune system

Answer 4

blood

Question 5

transported to various tissues of the body where they function in responding to and destroy foreign cell components that have invaded the body

Answer 5

wbc

Question 6

rbc might vary in the kinds of proteins, called —-, that are located on the outer surface of the cell

Answer 6

antigens

Question 7

process that places blood into categories based upon the type of antigens the rbc possesses or lack

Answer 7

blood typing

Question 8

foundation for successful transfusions of blood

Answer 8

blood typing

Question 9

most common categorize of blood type

Answer 9

ABO system

Question 10

the scientific study or diagnostic examination of blood serum, especially with regard to the response of the immune system to pathogens or introduced substances.

Answer 10

serology

Question 11

measure of the percentage of rbc in the whole blood

Answer 11

hematocrit

Question 12

this indicates a reduced percentage of erythrocytes and therefore a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen

Answer 12

low hematocrit reading

Question 13

normal hematocrit for males

Answer 13

42-57
-average 47

Question 14

normal hematocrit for women

Answer 14

37-47
-average 42

Question 15

average hematocrit for the populaion

Answer 15

45

Question 16

what condition occurs when reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen

Answer 16

anemia

Question 17

causes of anemia

Answer 17

-iron deficiency (diet, nutrients)
-trauma (menstruation)
-bone marrow problems
-chronic diseases

Question 18

types of anemia

Answer 18

iron-deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia
aplastic anemia

Question 19

what causes iron deficiency anemia

Answer 19

The most common type of anemia, caused by insufficient iron, often due to poor diet, excessive bleeding, or malabsorption.

Question 20

what causes pernicious anemia

Answer 20

unable to absorb iron efficiently

Question 21

what causes aplastic anemia

Answer 21

A rare condition where the bone marrow produces insufficient blood cells, including red blood cells.

Question 22

unregular cell division

Answer 22

cancer

Question 23

what causes anemia by too many wbc

Answer 23

leukemia

Question 24

the parent cell that makes rbc, wbc, platelets

Answer 24

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 25

protect against foreign pathogens

Answer 25

antibodies

Question 26

naked cell, no antigens.

Answer 26

blood type O

Question 27

the superior layer of the hematocrit

Answer 27

plasma

Question 28

inferior layer of hematocrit

Answer 28

erythrocytes

Question 29

between the plasma and erythrocyte layer. contains wbc and platelets

Answer 29

buffy coat

Question 30

an individuals blood may possess specific protein -----, designated anti-a and anti-b, that can attach to erythrocyte antigens that cause----

Answer 30

antibodies; agglutination

Question 31

results in erythrocytes clumping together thereby reducing their ability to effectively perform their task. this prevents erythrocytes from passing through small vessels, depriving tissue of oxygen

Answer 31

agglutination

Question 32

positive or negative demonstrates the value determined by presence or absence of another antigen called ----, which is named after -----

Answer 32

Rh factor; rhesus monkey

Question 33

Which blood types have the antigen D

Answer 33

A+, B+, AB+, O+

Question 34

functions in oxygen transport and corbon dioxide removal, pH regulation, maintain blood pressure and flow

Answer 34

erythrocytes

Question 35

play a role in immune response: phagocytosis, replace enzymes and cytokines to promote inflammation -first reposnders and kill bacteria -multilobed

Answer 35

neutrophils

Question 36

play a role in immune system: phagocytosis, inflammation, process antigens to t lymphocytes, tissue repair, regulate homeostasis -kidney shaped

Answer 36

monocyte

Question 37

defense against parastatic infection, allergin protection -bilobed

Answer 37

eosinophils

Question 38

allergic reactions -bi/trilobed

Answer 38

Basophils

Question 39

include t, b, nk cells. kills viruses and regulate immune response -deep stain

Answer 39

lymphocytes

Question 40

--- primary role is transporting oxygen molecules in the blood -can carry 4 oxygen molecules carry 98.5% oxygen and 20% carbon dioxide

Answer 40

hemoglobin

Question 41

detects rbc hemoglobin concentration by comparing the color value of a blood sample with a known blood hemoglobin velur color chart

Answer 41

the tallquist method

Question 42

what condition is evident by a lower than normal rbc hemoglobin concentration

Answer 42

anemia

Question 43

identify factors that can contribute to a low hemoglobin concentration reading

Answer 43

nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, trauma

Question 44

scientific study of serum and other body fluids to identify and analyze antibodies and antigens (to diagnose disease and find blood type)

Answer 44

serology

Question 45

liquid component of blood. trasnports nutrients, hormones, and wastes thru body

Answer 45

plasma

Question 46

fluid portion of blood that remains after clotting. used in serology to detect antigens and antibodies

Answer 46

serum

Question 47

study of the immune system

Answer 47

immunology

Question 48

foreign substance that triggers immune response and stimulates antibody production

Answer 48

antigen

Question 49

protein produced by B cells by antigen -it destructs

Answer 49

antibody

Question 50

blood serum with specific antibodies against particular antigen. used to treat infections

Answer 50

antiserum

Question 51

clumping of cells caused by interaction of antibodies with antigens. used in blood type tests and diagnose infections

Answer 51

agglutination

Question 52

has A-antigens and anti- antibodies

Answer 52

type a

Question 53

b-antigens and anti-a antibodies

Answer 53

type b

Question 54

has both a and b antigens (universal recipient)

Answer 54

type ab

Question 55

has no a or b antigens but both a and b antibodies (universal donor)

Answer 55

type o

Question 56

Calculate the hematocrit

Answer 56

RBC'S / total volume = hematocrit in %