Practice Question info! Flashcards
(46 cards)
Patient is on an a drug that is being looked into for CV disease. Doctor decides to switch him to a new drug, before study has come out. What is this called?
Non-malifiscence (To do no harm)
What is an algorithm for Renal Tubular acidosis
Step 1: Determine if the patient has a high chloride level and then a low bicarbonate level (hyperchloremic acidosis), normal GFR and normal anion gap and no diahrea Step 2: look at the potassium lvl. if high its RTA 4 and ph 5.5 or less. If low not type 4 Step 3: Look at urine ph. IF lower than 5.5 it RTA type 2. If above then probably not Step 4: Look at bicarbonate level. If its normal its RTA type 1. If low but at 12-20 then its RTA type 2
What is RTA Type 1?
Results from the kidney to not be able to secrete H+ in the distal collecting tubule. Characterized with hyperchloremic acidosis, with a normal anion gap, HYPOCALEMIA AND CALCIUM STONES
Patient having a SEIZURE, more forgetful, with cognitive decline and CAUDATE and PUTAMEN degradtion after spending years in UK. What is the disease and cause?
Creutzfeld Jakob’s A prion disease due misfolded proteins.
How is Creutzfeld Jakob’s spread?
Prions are misfolded proteins passed through eating of cows brain. These cause a spongiform encelopathy that effects the CAUDATE and PUTAMEN which will shows lesions are MRI. ALSO SEEN WITH SEIZURES, dementia and ataxia
Flank pain with tenderness to percussion at the costovertebral angle is seen with what disease and cause?
Pyleonephritis and cause is a UTI from sexual intercourse that has spread to the kidneys
Signs and symptoms of YELLOW FEVER?
HIGH FEVER, COFFEE ground emesis, and Jaundice, due to a travel to africa and by the Aedes mosquito. It is from the Flavivirus, which is an enveloped, icosohedral, RNA virus, that is linear and single stranded. Prevent with a live attenuated vaccine
Signs of Coal workers’ lung
progressive dysnpea and cough without infection. Due to working in the mines. Seen with an upper lung infiltrate on X-ray. Commonly seen with Rheumatoid arthiritis!!!!!
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Most common cancer due to Asbestos (GOLDEN BROWN DUMBELL SHAPED RODS on microscope). From the bronchogenic epithelium. Shows up as pleural based plaques
Mesothelioma
Most common cancer of the pleura– not seen with smoking and associated with asbetsos
Silicosis
Seen in people who sandblast, stone cut and mining. TESTED THING IS THAT HAVE EGG SHELL Calification in HILAR NODES, possible lung cancer and TB
Inheritance pattern for vWD
Autosomal Dominant!!!!! KEY!!!!
vWD signs and symptoms
is seen with factor 8 in the epithelial cells. Commonly have long PTT and bleeding time but normal PT. present with excessive bleeding and bruising at any time bc they can’t form a clot
33 y/o F who presents with scanning speech, tremors, nystagmus, loss of vision, hemiparesis and incontience has what condition and what cell is affected?
MS (multiple sclerosis)— anytime you seen a middle age female with neural changes think this (autoimmune disorder) Cell affected is the oligodendrocyte bc this a white matter tract
Patient appears have hallucinations and automonic instability (not responding to stimulation. What is the cause and what transporter is affected?
This is caused by STIMULANTS (amphetamines and cocaine) NMDA receptors like (pcp) and CANNABOIDS (mary jane). Affects the monamine oxidase transporters
Opiate toxicity is seen with?
euphoria, sedation and respiratory depression
GABA toxicity
Causes sedation and cognitive suppression (alcohol, benzos, and barbs)
Bowing of the femurs in a child
Rickets, Vitamin D deficiency— due to kidney damage (converts it to its active form)
Patient has family history of aneurysms, hemorrhage, and enlargement of kidney? What is the disease and test of choice
ADPKD (known cause of berry aneursym) Test of choice is renal ultrasound Seen with large cysts all over kidney causing enlargement and flank pain with possible hematuria
Patient persents with anemia after having an infection. he is placed on a TMP-SMX. What is the cause of the anemia?
G6PD deficiency. (oxidative stress— seen with heinz bodies) Known causes are sulfa drugs, fava beans
Most common cause of edema in a pregnant women?
due to increase of hydrostatic pressure Caused by uterus increasing pressure on IVC— increasing hydrostatic pressure and causing edema
Turner syndrome
High arched palate, broad based chest, neck webbing. 45 XO
Drug used for reversal Amoxifestine Dexrafazone Filagrastim Levocorin Mesna
Amox- used for the prevention of renal toxicity with PLATIN DRUGS Dexrafazone- Prevention of DOXORUBICIN AND DANORUBICIN TOXICITY– (HEART0 Filagrastim— INCREASE of Granulocytes Levocorin- USED FOR FOLATE REPLACEMENT against METHOTREXATE, and (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors) MESNA— for hemorraghic cystitis with CYCLOPHOSAMIDE
LICHEN PLANUS:
Purple with white lesions (LACY RASH). (5 Ps– purple, papular, pustular, polygonular plaques) AFFECTS: WRIST, ANKLES, CHEEK MUCOSA, and GENITALS
