Practice Questions Flashcards
(33 cards)
Long-term use of lithium, a treatment for bipolar disorder, can lead to which of the following?
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypercalcemia
Which of the following is a potent immune modulator known to suppress the development of autoimmune diseases?
Vit C
Vit A
Zn
Vit D
Vit D; know the prevent devlopment and deficiencies linked to various AI diseases like Hashi’s
Smokers are most at risk for which of the following nutrient deficiencies?
Vit E
Folate
Thiamin
Vit C
Vit C - require an additional 35 mg/day to counteract the accelerated depletion of the body’s ascorbic acid pool caused by smoking, ensuring sufficient levels repair ox damage
In which condition might turmeric supp be contraindicated?
MS
Fatty liver
T2DM
Cholelithiasis
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) - turmeric may stimulate gallbladder contractions and increase bile flow so may worsen this condition
Which of the following is not a characteristic of foodbourne viruses?
They can be destroyed by normal cooking temps
They are carried by humans & animals
They are highly contagious
They do not grow in food
They can be destroyed by normal cooking temps - hep A and norovirus are examples; they require a living host to grow but do not grow in food but can be transferred through food
What is Addisons Disease? Wilsons?
Addisons - adrenals don’t produce enough cortisol and aldosterone
WIlsons - body can’t properly process copper, leading to its build up in organs like liver, brain, eyes
Which of the following compounds, acting as co-substrates, accepts protons and electrons in the TCA cycle?
NADH and FADH2
NAD2 and FAD+
pyruvate and coenzyme A
NAD+ and FAD
NAD+ and FAD; once electrons and protons are accepted NADH and FADH2 are formed
When cooking fish, the minimum internal temp should reach how many degrees F?
160
145
155
150
145
What is the recommended protein intake for individuals with COPD?
0.8-1.1 g/kg
2-2.5 g/kg
1.2-1.5 g/kg
1.5-2 g/kg
1.2-1.5 g/kg
Biocytin consistents of biotin bound to the amino acid ___
lysine
leucine
glycine
alanine
lysine
What condition is characterized by the presence of gastrin-producing tumor, which can lead to vit b12 def?
pernicious anemia
zollinger-ellison syndrome
marfarn syndrome
atrophic gastritis
zollinger-ellison syndrome
Which of the following conditions is likely to result in increased urinary losses of vit D binding protein?
liver disease
renal disorders
dyslipidemia
gout
renal disorders
what prevents the backflow of chyme from the duodenum into the stomach? what controls the passage of chyme (partially digested food) from the SI into the large intestine?
pyloric sphincter
ileocecal sphincter
Which of the following is NOT one of the three P’s associated with diabetes?
polydipsia
polyuria
polymyositis
polyphagia
Polymyositis
polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination), polyphagia (excessive hunger)
Why might a celiac disease client on a GF diet still require some form of supplementation?
Most specialty GF products are not fortified w/iron, folate, and other B vitamins
GF diets increase calorie intake, thus requiring additonal supplementation
GF products are usually replaced w/junk food
the body’s ability to absorb nutrients becomes permanently impaired after a celiac disease dx
Most specialty GF products are not fortified w/iron, folate, and other B vitamins
the intestinal mucosa does start to heal following a GF diet and absorption usually improves
Polysaccharides contain how many saccharides? How about oligosaccharides?
more than 10
3-10
All of the following are benefits of breastfeeding for an infant except? decreased risk of…
T2DM
All are benefits
celiac
leukemia
all are benefits
What is the recommended protein intake for individuals with CKD stages 1-4? What about if someones one dialysis?
0.8-1 g/kg
0.6-0.8 g/kg
0.4-0.6 g/kg
1-1.2 g/kg
0.6-0.8 g/kg
stages 1-4 is about .75 g/kg, stage 5 is 0.6 g/kg; protein restriction can minimize the sx of uremic toxicity by reducing the production of nitrogenous wastes in the blood; early protein restriction in the course of CKD may slow progression and delay need for dialysis
for dialysis ~1.2 g/kg
At what stage is fluid restricted in CKD?
when on dialysis
What vitamin deficiencies are associated with cheilosis
B2, B3, B6
GI conditions that arise in those w/anorexia nervosa include all the following except?
increased gastric emptying
decreased small bowel motility
lactose intolerance
constipation
Increased gastric emptying
Which of the following is not a major interaction with Metformin?
grapefruit
siberian cocklebur
all of these are major interactions
activated charcoal
grapefruit, known to interact w/many drugs, but metformin is not one of them
activated char reduces systemic exposure to many drugs so may potentially reduce absorption and/or half life
siberian cocklebur has been associated w/severe hypoglycemia in humans
What does a relative risk greater than 1 indicate?
- the event is more likely to occur in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group
- the likelihood of the event occurring is the same in both the exposed and non-exposed group
- the event is not influenced by the exposure status of individuals
- the event is less likely to occur in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group
the event is more likely to occur in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group?
Which of the following inherited disorders can impair the conversion of pantothenic acid to coenzyme A?
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
maple syrup urine disease
sickle cell anemia
hartnup disease
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
