practice questions exam 4

Question 1

amount of blood pumped in one minute?

Answer 1

cardiac output

Question 2

most common primary diagnosis in US?

Answer 2

hypertension

Question 3

what is it called when someone has HTN not caused by another disease process?

Answer 3

primary HTN

Question 4

when HTN has caused damage to organ?

Answer 4

complicated HTN

Question 5

what part of the heart pushed blood to the rest of the body

Answer 5

left ventricle

Question 6

this diet includes fresh veggies, decrease in dairy, carbs, total fats, and encourage intake of whole grains, fish, poultry and nuts

Answer 6

DASH diet

Question 7

Side effect of orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, vertigo, tachycardia. what drug?

Answer 7

alpha blocker

Question 8

this medication Is very important to monitor vit k levels

Answer 8

furosemide

Question 9

this diuretic is primarily used to treat HTN

Answer 9

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 10

a decrease in standing BP of 20 systolic and 10 diastolic

Answer 10

orthostatic hypotension

Question 11

T/F vasoconstriction leads to increase BP

Answer 11

true

Question 12

accumulation in lipids or fatty substance in vessel walls is called

Answer 12

atherosclerosis

Question 13

age, gender and ethnicity are what kind of risk factors

Answer 13

non modifiable

Question 14

what is cholesterol level that we want to be high

Answer 14

HDL

Question 15

what is it called when we have inadequate blood flow or oxygen content

Answer 15

ischemia

Question 16

predictable CP on exertion

Answer 16

stable

Question 17

this is indicating injury of infraction on an EKG?

Answer 17

elevation

Question 18

what lab is most used to identify HF

Answer 18

BNP

Question 19

what is the diagnostic test to look at heart wall and valve function?

Answer 19

echo

Question 20

you should not give this med to a patient who has recently taken ED meds

Answer 20

nitroglycerin

Question 21

common SE of nitroglycerin

Answer 21

headache

Question 22

what lab do we monitor when a patient is on enoxaparin?

Answer 22

platletes

Question 23

this is an acronym used to guide the treatment of myocardial infarction

Answer 23

MONA
Morphine
oxygen
nitrites
aspirin

Question 24

If a patient urine output is less then what —ml/hr we need to call the PCP

Answer 24

30ml/hr

Question 25

vit k and FFP are the antidotes for what med?

Answer 25

Coumadin

Question 26

classic s/s of this condition is focused on pulmonary conditions like SOB/wheezing

Answer 26

left sided HF

Question 27

this is a classic assessment finding in right sided HF

Answer 27

edema

Question 28

asthma patient should avoid which common cardiac med

Answer 28

beta blockers but metoprolol is okay

Question 29

this type of med puts a patient at increased risk for DVT

Answer 29

oral contraceptives

Question 30

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop of __________ or more when going from supine to standing. Select all that apply. a. 10 mmHg systolic b. 20 mmHg systolic c. 10 mmHg diastolic d. 20 mmHg diastolic

Answer 30

B

Question 31

Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease include which of the following? Select all that Apply. A. High cholesterol B. Hyperglycemia C. Ethnicity D. Physical inactivity E. Smoking

Answer 31

AEBD

Question 32

A patient with a new prescription for metoprolol is told it should never be stopped abruptly.  Why? Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause hypoglycemia. Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause rebound hypertension. Stopping an ace inhibitor abruptly can cause an irritating cough. Stopping a calcium channel blocker abruptly can cause rapid decrease in heart rate.

Answer 32

B

Question 33

Nitroglycerin primarily dilates veins but at higher doses dilates arteries as well? true or false

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Prinzmetal angina is predictable pain that is relieved by rest.  True False

Answer 34

false- unpredictable

Question 35

Which of the following is not included in the characteristic assessment of chest pain? A. When did the pain begin? B. Where is the pain? C. What type of pain is it? Stabbing, crushing, etc D. How quick is intervention taken (i.e. nitro given, O₂  applied?)

Answer 35

D

Question 36

The patient returns to the unit shortly after cardiac catheterization.  What important teaching should occur during this time of the recovery?  Select all that apply.   Drink a lot of fluids Call the nurse if feel a pop or dampness at the catheter         insertion site Notify the nurse if chest pain occurs. C- Keep affected extremity straight

Answer 36

all but C

Question 37

Which urinary output demonstrates to the nurse renal perfusion is being maintained following cardiac surgery? 10 ml/hr 15 ml/hr 20 ml/hr 30 ml/hr

Answer 37

30ml/hr

Question 38

The nurse is assessing a client recovering from heart surgery.  What elements can be used during bedside assessment to asses cardiac output auscultation of heart sounds, monitor level of pain B.  fluid intake, serum sodium and potassium values C. proper body positioning, presence of bruising D. strength of pulses, skin temperature, urine output

Answer 38

D

Question 39

A client is being evaluated for chest pain. Which of the following lab values is most reliable in evaluating damage to cardiac muscle? Creatinine kinase Myoglobin Troponin LDL cholesterol

Answer 39

troponin

Question 40

A patient is presenting with aortic valve stenosis.  The nurses understands this means the aortic valve is billowing back into the left ventricle. so stiff it doesn’t open completely. loose and allows blood to flow back into the left ventricle. has infectious growths on it.

Answer 40

B

Question 41

A patient with heart failure is beginning therapy with captopril, an ACE inhibitor. What nursing intervention is indicated prior to giving the first dose? A. Provide the medication 1 hour before meals B. Offer the medication with food C. Review  recent lab values for hypokalemia D. Instruct the patient to call for assistance when getting out of bed

Answer 41

D can cause dizziness so call before getting up

Question 42

A heart failure client is being discharged home.  How should the nurse instruct the client to assess fluid balance? Monitor daily weight Monitor blood pressure Assess radial pulses Monitor bowel movements

Answer 42

A

Question 43

A patient is experiencing fluid volume excess with dependent edema. The health care provider places the patient on a 1,500ml/day fluid restriction. Which nursing intervention is most important? Provide frequent oral care Assess amount of edema each shift Weigh patient every Monday D.  Keep the legs lower than the heart

Answer 43

B

Question 44

Which of the following are symptoms of left heart failure?  Select all that apply. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) Peripheral edema Jugular venous distention (JVD) Crackles in the lungs Shortness of breath upon exertion

Answer 44

ABDE

Question 45

Which of the following are symptoms of right heart failure?  Select all that apply.  Jugular venous distention (JVD) Hepatomegaly Wheezing Ascites Shortness of breath on exertion

Answer 45

ABD

Question 46

What is the primary nursing intervention when caring for a patient after peripheral artery bypass surgery? Encourage bed rest for the first three days post surgery Encourage dangling of legs to promote circulation to the new peripheral vessel grafts Assess and document pulses every hour for the first 8 hours after surgery Encourage fluids to flush out radiopaque dye

Answer 46

C

Question 47

Signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) include which of the following? Select all that apply. Rubor in dependent extremities Strong, regular pulses Intermittent claudication Dry, tight, shiny skin on extremities Non-healing, painful ulcers

Answer 47

A,C,D,E

Question 48

When assessing a client with peripheral arterial disease, the nurse anticipates signs and symptoms of ischemia, including Warm, pink extremities Intermittent claudication Increased pulse pressure Increased hair production on affected extremities

Answer 48

B

Question 49

The antidote for heparin is protamine sulfate. True False

Answer 49

true

Question 50

A patient presents to the cardiac clinic 3 weeks post-op aortic valve replacement to monitor PT/INR for warfarin therapy. The nurse can assume the client had which kind of valve replacement? Homograft Allograft Tissue Mechanical

Answer 50

D

Question 51

The lab value used to monitor the efficacy of warfarin is the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). True False

Answer 51

false- PT and INR