Practice Questions Unit 3

Question 1

Neurones have two major functional properties.

What are these properties?

Select one:
A. Impulsivity and reactivity
B. Irritability and conductivity
C. Plasticity and regeneration
D. Sensory and effectory

Answer 1

B. Irritability and conductivity

Question 2

What is the normal pressure inside the eyeball?

Select one:
A. 10-15mmHg
B. 15-20mmHg
C. 20-25mmHg Incorrect
D. 25-30mmHg

Answer 2

B. 15-20mmHg

Question 3

Otitis externa refers to …

Select one:
A. infection of the inner ear and may be preceded by an upper respiratory infection
B. infection of the middle ear and may be preceded by an upper respiratory infection
C. inflammation of the external ear canal with a consequent loss of balance Incorrect
D. inflammation of the external ear canal, which could be caused by an allergy

Answer 3

D. inflammation of the external ear canal, which could be caused by an allergy

Question 4

Three of the following are algogens; which one is not?

Select one:
A. ATP Incorrect
B. Bradykinin
C. Dopamine
D. Histamine

Answer 4

C. Dopamine.

Question 5

One direct consequence of the production of algogens is to …

Select one:
A. cause inflammation
B. experience pain
C. increase body temperature
D. increase production of white blood cells

Answer 5

B. Experience pain.

Question 6

Nociceptors are involved in the pain system and are common in which three of the following

In joints
In the cerebral cortex
Under the skin
Within the periosteum membrane surrounding bones

Select one:
A. 1, 2 and 3 Incorrect
B. 1, 2 and 4
C. 1, 3 and 4
D. 2, 3 and 4

Answer 6

C. 1, 3 and 4.

Question 7

Which of the following is about 14 times more common in women than in men?

Select one:
A. Hypersecretion of growth hormone
B. Hyposecretion of growth hormone
C. Hyperthyroidism Incorrect
D. Hypothyroidism

Answer 7

D. Hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid)

Question 8

Which of the following hormones does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland release in response to nervous impulses from the hypothalamus?

Select one:
A. Prolactin
B. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 8

C. Oxytocin

Question 9

How long does the process of sperm production and maturation take?

Select one:
A. 60 days
B. 70 days
C. 80 days 
D. 90 days

Answer 9

B. 70 days.

Question 10

What is the tube called that surrounds the testes? This is where sperm leaves the seminiferous tubules via this tube and enters he vas deferens (sperm duct)?

Answer 10

Epididymus.

Question 11

Where in the reproductive system is the fundus found?

Select one:
A. In the uterus
B. In the cervix
C. In the oviduct Incorrect
D. In the vagina

Answer 11

A. In the uterus.

Question 12

What process deters invasion of the vagina by pathogens?

Select one:
A. Production of ethanoic acid by lactobacilli Incorrect
B. Production of ethanoic acid by acetobacter species
C. Production of lactic acid by lactobacilli
D. Growth of Penicillium notatum

Answer 12

C. Production of lactic acid by lactobacilli

Question 13

What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy?

Answer 13

The gradual enlargement of the prostate may squeeze the urethra passing through it, leading to problems with passing urine.

Question 14

Slow or intermittent urine flow in men may indicate which of the following conditions?

Select one:
A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B. Diabetes
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Veno-occlusive disease

Answer 14

A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 15

What is moniliasis more commonly known as?

Select one:
A. Thrush
B. Cystitis Incorrect
C. Uterine carcinoma
D. Ovarian cancer

Answer 15

A. Thrush

Question 16

Which hormone increases glomerular filtration rate?

Select one:
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Angiotensin II
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 16

A. Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 17

The glomerulus sits in the:

Select one:
A. loop of Henle Incorrect
B. Bowman's capsule
C. afferent arteriole
D. distal convoluted tubule

Answer 17

B. Bowman’s capsule

Question 18

Approximately how many microscopic filtration structures (“nephrons”) does a kidney contain?

Select one:
A. Ten million (10 000 000)
B. One million (1 000 000)
C. One hundred thousand (100 000) Incorrect
D. Ten thousand (10 000)

Answer 18

B. One million (1 000 000)

Question 19

The area of the kidney called the ‘pelvis’ contains …

Select one:
A. collecting ducts
B. glomeruli
C. loops of Henle Incorrect
D. nephrons

Answer 19

A. Collecting ducts.

Question 20

The following describes some common pathologies seen within the urinary system:

A. Blood cells and plasma proteins pass through the membranes into the filtrate
B. There is a decrease in glomerular filtration
C. Inflammation can be caused by an allergic reaction to bacterial toxins
D. Large numbers of microbes are present in the urine

Which of these statements would apply in the case of a urinary tract infection?

Answer 20

D. Large numbers of microbes are present in the urine

Question 21

Cystitis is an infection of the …

Select one:
A. bladder
B. kidney
C. ureters
D. urethra

Answer 21

A. Bladder.

Question 22

Three of the following are neurotransmitters; which one is not?

Select one:
A. Acetylcholine
B. Cortisol
C. Noradrenaline Incorrect
D. Serotonin

Answer 22

The correct answer is: Cortisol

Question 23

Pain can be acute or chronic, depending on how long it lasts. Which line of the table summarises best the likely time differential?
( < = less than > = more than)

Acute
Chronic

A
< 6 seconds
> 6 seconds

B
< 6 minutes
> 6 minutes

C
< 6 hours
> 6 hours

D
< 6 weeks
> 6 weeks

Answer 23

D
< 6 weeks
> 6 weeks

Question 24

Which of the following are fast-adapting sensors and are found in the dermis and skeletal muscles?

Select one:
A. Nociceptors Incorrect
B. Thermoreceptors
C. Exteroreceptors
D. Proprioceptors

Answer 24

B. Thermoreceptors

Question 25

Which of the following controls the production of milk from the mammary glands? ``` Select one: A. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone B. Follicle stimulating hormone Incorrect C. Growth hormone D. Prolactin ```

Answer 25

D. Prolactin

Question 26

Which endocrine gland produces adrenaline?

Answer 26

The adrenal glands, which are just above the kidneys

Question 27

What effect does the drug acarbose have on the body? Select one: A. It inhibits the absorption of glucose from the gut B. It inhibits glucose production by the liver C. It stimulates the absorption of glucose from the gut D. It stimulates glucose production by the liver

Answer 27

A. It inhibits the absorption of glucose from the gut

Question 28

Cushing's syndrome is a disease resulting from: ``` Select one: A. overactivity of the thryoid gland B. overactivity of the adrenal gland C. underactivity of the thyroid gland Incorrect D. underactivity of the adrenal gland ```

Answer 28

B. Over activity of the adrenal gland.

Question 29

Which two of the following are produced by the testes? Select one: A. Testosterone and sperm B. Secretions containing fructose and seminal fluid C. Secretions containing fructose and testosterone D. Seminal fluid and sperm

Answer 29

A. Testosterone and sperm

Question 30

What happens to a newly released ovum? Select one: A. It is guided into the uterus by the fimbria B. It is guided into the oviduct by the fimbria C. It is guided into the oviduct by ciliated epithelia D. It is guided into the uterus by ciliated epithelia

Answer 30

B. It is guided into the oviduct by the fimbria

Question 31

``` Which hormone has a sharp rise at day 14 of the menstrual cycle? Select one: A. Oestrogen B. Luteinising hormone C. Progesterone D. Follicle stimulating hormone ```

Answer 31

B. Luteinising hormone.

Question 32

A male patient undergoing chemotherapy and hormone therapy is likely to be suffering from which reproductive disorder? ``` Select one: A. Thrush B. Prostate cancer C. Erectile dysfunction D. Benign prostatic hypertrophy/hyperplasia ```

Answer 32

B. Prostate cancer.

Question 33

A common problem with the male urinary/reproductive system in older men is called BPH. What do the letters BPH stand for? ``` Select one: A. Balanced Peripheral Homeopathy B. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia C. Bladder Protein Homeostasis D. Blood Pressure Hypertension ```

Answer 33

B. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Question 34

When the water content in the blood is low, which gland releases anti-diuretic hormone? ``` Select one: A. Adrenal B. Pineal C. Pituitary D. Thyroid ```

Answer 34

C. Pituitary

Question 35

Which hormone reduces glomerular filtration rate? ``` Select one: A. Atrial natiuretic peptide Incorrect B. Angiotensin II C. Aldosterone D. Antidiuretic hormone ```

Answer 35

B. Angiotensin II

Question 36

Which substances are reabsorbed by the loops of Henle? ``` Select one: A. glucose and amino acids B. glucose, urea and water C. salts, glucose and water D. salts and urea ```

Answer 36

C. salts, glucose and water

Question 37

What term is ascribed to renal patients who have lost 75% of their nephrons? ``` Select one: A. Renally impaired B. Renally incompetent C. Renally insufficient D. Renally invalid ```

Answer 37

C. Renally insufficient

Question 38

What approximate percentage of erectile dysfunction cases are caused by physical problems with blood supply? ``` Select one: A. 33% B. 50% C. 66% D. 75% ```

Answer 38

C. 66%