Practice Test Questions Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Which is most correct: A cell with a lightly stained nucleus:
a) has a cytoplasm with lots of free ribosomes
b) has little protein secretion
c) has an inactive genome
d) secretes large amounts of protein
e) has a heterochromatic nucleus
A
d) secretes large amounts of protein
2
Q
A cell in G0 phase has what DNA content?
a) N
b) 2N
c) 3N
d) 4N
e) 1/2 N
A
b) 2N
3
Q
In metaphase of mitosis, a cell has what DNA content?
a) N
b) 2N
c) 3N
d) 4N
e) 1/2 N
A
d) 4N
4
Q
In what phase does a cell’s DNA double?
a) G0
b) G2
c) G1
d) M
e) S
A
e) S
5
Q
Which connection is CORRECTLY paired with it’s function?
a) intermediate junction - stabilizes cytoskeletons
b) desmosome - attaches cell to basal lamina
c) gap junction - blocks passage of molecules and cells
d) tight junction - metabolic coupling
e) hemidesmosome - keeps neighboring cells from pulling apart
A
a) intermediate junction - stabilizes cytoskeleton
6
Q
Which of the following structures is pathological in the epithelium?
a) microvilli
b) cilia
c) capillaries
d) mitotic figures
e) goblet cells
A
c) capillaries - epithelium is totally avascular.
7
Q
What is not characteristic of a mucous cell?
a) flat nucleus
b) heterochromatic nucleus
c) rich with granules
d) poorly stained cytoplasm
e) light or empty appearing cytoplasm
A
c) rich with granules
8
Q
What is not characteristic of a serous cell?
a) basophilic cytopolasm
b) lightly stained nucleus
c) rich with granules
d) round nucleus
e) heterochromatic nucleus
A
e) heterochromatic nucleus
9
Q
What is a malignant tumor from skeletal muscle called?
A
rhabomyo- sarcoma
10
Q
What is a malignant tumor from epithelial tissue called?
A
adenocarcinoma
11
Q
What is a malignant tumor from cartilage called?
A
chondro- sarcoma
12
Q
What is a malignant tumor from adipose called?
A
lipo- sarcoma
13
Q
What is a benign tumor from cartilage called?
A
chondroma
14
Q
What is a benign tumor from the parotid gland called?
A
adenoma
15
Q
What is a malignant tumor from the epithelium of the GI tract called?
A
carcinoma
16
Q
What is a malignant tumor from fibroblast connective tissue called?
A
fibro- sarcoma
17
Q
What type of fiber in connective tissue is visible with a light microscope?
A
Type I collagen fibers
18
Q
What type of fiber in connective tissue is visible with only special stains?
A
Reticular fibers = Type III collagen
19
Q
What type of fiber is present in cartilage?
A
Type II Collagen
20
Q
What type of fiber is visible only in basal lamina?
A
Type IV Collagen
21
Q
Ostoclasts are drived from?
A
Monocytes
22
Q
Plasma cells are derived from?
A
B-Lymphocytes
23
Q
Lymphocytes are derived from?
A
Lymphoblasts
24
Q
What is the function of:
1) Eosinophil?
2) Neutrophil?
3) Basophil?
4) Fibroblasts?
5) Lymphocyte?
A
1) Eosinophil :: parasite destruction
2) Neutrophil :: bacteria destruction
3) Basophil :: anaphylaxis
4) Fibroblasts :: secrete fibers and ground substance
5) Lymphocyte :: Production of antibodies
25
I have a bilobed nucleus and acidophilic grains, what is my function?? What am I?
parasite destruction (eosinophil)
26
I have a flat heterochromatic nucleus, what is my function?? What am I?
secrete fibers and ground substance (fibroblast)
27
I have a bilobed nucleus and dark staining cytoplasm, what is my function?? What am I?
secretion of histamine/heparine (basophil)
28
I have a multilobed nucleus with azurophilic granules, what is my function?? What am I?
destruction of bacteria (neutrophil)
29
I have a round nucleus with a thin basophilic cytoplasm, what is my function? What am I?
production of antibodies (lymphocyte)
30
Which type of cartilage has a perichondrium?
Hyaline cartilage and Elastic Cartilage
HE has all the perichondrium
31
Which type of cartilage has no perichondrium?
Fibrocartilage and Articular cartilage.
FAther does not like perichondrium.
32
What type of fibers are in compact bone?
Type I collagen (fibrocartilage)
33
What type of fibers are found in the Basal lamina?
Type IV collagen
34
What type of fibers are found in elastic cartilage?
Elastin
35
What type of fibers are round in connective tissue?
Type III collagen
36
What type of fibers are found in Bone Marrow?
Type III collagen
37
What type of fibers are found in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?
Type II collagen
38
What is the difference between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?
Elastic cartilage also has elastin fibers.
39
Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) osteoclasts - secrete osteoid
b) osteoblasts - reabsorb bone
c) osteocytes - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteoprogenitor cells - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above
c) osteocytes - interconnected by canaliculi
40
Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) osteoblasts- secrete osteoid
b) osteocytes - reabsorb bone
c) osteoprogenitor cells - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteoclasts - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above
a) osteoblasts- secrete osteoid
41
Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) osteoclasts - secrete osteoid
b) osteoblasts - reabsorb bone
c) osteoprogenitor cells - interconnected by canaliculi
d) osteocytes - trapped in lacunae
e) all of the above
d) osteocytes - trapped in lacunae
42
In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for interstitial growth (length)?
Chondrocyte division
43
In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for appositional growth (width)?
osteoblasts
44
In endochondral ossification, what is responsible for marrow cavity enlargement?
Osteoclasts
45
In intramembrane ossification, what is responsible for spicule and trabeculae growth?
Osteocytes
46
In intramembrane ossification, what is responsible for the connective tissue formation?
Fibroblasts
47
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bones have osteons (Haversion systems) and interstitial lamaellae
48
Which cells have both actin and myosin present?
a) smooth muscle
b) myofibroblasts
c) myoepithelial cells
d) pericytes
ALL OF THEM.
49
Which of the following cannot undergo mitosis?
a) lower motor neuron
b) purkinje fiber
c) astrocyte
d) sympathetic ganglion cell
e) preganglionic parasympathetic neuron
All but astrocyte.
a) lower motor neuron
b) purkinje fiber
d) sympathetic ganglion cell
e) preganglionic parasympathetic neuron
50
What type of nucleus does an eosinophil have?
Bilobed nucleus
51
What type of nucleus does a basophil have?
bilobed nucleus
52
What type of nucleus does a serous cell have?
Euchromatic round nucleus
53
What type of nucleus does a mature neutrophil have?
Segmented nucleus
54
What type of nucleus does a lymphocyte have?
Heterochromatic round nucleus
55
What type of nucleus does a monocyte have?
Large, bean shaped nucleus
56
Which of the following are found in hyalomeres?
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus
c) cytoskeletal elements
57
Which of the following are found in granulomeres?
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
d) crystalline granules
58
Which of the following are found in platelets?
a) lambda-granules
b) alpha granules
c) cytoskeletal elements
d) crystalline granules
e) no nucleus
e) no nucleus
59
Which of the following is most responsible for a hematooxylin stain?
a) lysosome
b) golgi appartus
c) hematochormatin
d) mitochondria
e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) hematochormatin
60
What can hematoxylin stain?
nucleoli, hematochromatin, chromosomes, RER, Ribosomes
61
What does eosin stain?
lysosomes, mitochondria, and SER
62
What is the main function of cilia?
movement of material
63
What is the main function of microvilli?
increase surface area for absorption
64
I have a round, pykotic nucleus with acidophilic cytoplasm, what am I?
orthochromatic normoblast
65
I have a kidney shaped nucleus with orange granules in my cytoplasm, what am I?
Eosinophilic metamyleocyte
66
I have a round checkerboard nucleus with polychromatic cytoplasm, what am I?
Polychromatic erythroblast
67
I have no nucleus with some polyribosomes in my cytoplasm, what am I?
reticulocyte
68
I have a U-shaped nucleus with orange-red ribosomes in my cytoplasm, what am I?
Eosinophilic band
69
Which cells would you see in a blood smear?
a) neutrophilic band
b) eosinophil
c) basophil
d) reticulocyte
e) erythrocytes
ALL of them
70
Which of the following is secreted by the basal lamina?
a) heprain sulfate proteoglycan
b) Type IV collagen
c) enactin
d) laminin
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
All secreted by epithelial cells
71
Which of the following is attached to connective tissue via the basal lamina?
```
Schwann cell
Cardiac Muscle
Adipocyte
Serous Cell
Fibroblast
```
Schwann cell
Cardiac Muscle
Adipocyte
Serous Cell
72
What is a blood/bone marrow cancer called?
leukemia
73
What is an epithelial tumor called?
carcinoma
74
What is a benign gland tumor called?
adenoma
75
What is a malignant adipose cancer called?
sarcoma
76
What is a malignant tumor from a glandular or epithelial cell called?
adenocarcinoma
77
What are plasma cells derived from?
B-lymphocyes
78
What are myoblasts derived from?
satellite cells
79
What are histeocytes/macrophages derived from?
monocytes
80
What are osteocytes derived from?
Osteoblasts
81
What are chondroblasts derived from
Mesenchyme cells
82
At what stage does the embryo attach to the uterus?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
83
Which of the following occurs first?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
a) solid ball of cells (morula)
84
Which of the following occurs at the beginning of week three?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
b) fat disc with primative streak
85
Which of the following occurs at the end of week three?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
86
Which of the following is an epiblast?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
87
Which of the following is an morula?
a) solid ball of cells
b) fat disc with primative streak
c) flat dist w/ two cell layers
d) fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
e) tubular shaped embryo with neural tube
a) solid ball of cells
88
Which of the following does not arise from the mesoderm?
a) adrenal cortex
b) blood cells
c) support tissues
d) cerebellum
e) lymph cells
d) cerebellum
89
Which of the following is found in fibrocartilage?
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
90
Which of the following is found in bone?
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
91
Which of the following is found in dense regular connective tissue?
a) cells interconnected with canaliculi
b) perichondrium
c) capillaries
d) isolated cells trapped in lacunae
e) fibroblasts in rows
e) fibroblasts in rows
92
What is not contribute to the formation of the cranial vault?
a) osteoblasts
b) osteoclasts
c) mesenchyme
d) chondrocyte
e) neural crest cells
d) chondrocyte
93
What structure is responsible for the unison of smooth muscle contractions?
gap junctions
94
Which of the following is not found on cardiac muscle?
a) abundant mitochondria
b) myofibrils
c) motor end plate
d) sarcomere
e) centrally located nuclei
c) motor end plate
95
Which of the following is secreted by the aorta?
a) elastic fibers
b) reticular fibers
c) collagen fibers
d) proteoglycans
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
96
Which of the following is not present in the ulnar nerve?
a) cell bodies
b) blood vessels
c) unmyelinated cells
d) epineurium
e) Schwann cells
a) cell bodies
97
What is the function of:
- neutrophils?
- basophils?
- eosinophils?
- lymphocytes?
- monocytes?
- neutrophils :: kill bacteria
- basophils :: anaphylaxis
- eosinophils :: allergic reaction/destruction of parasites
- lymphocytes :: secretion of antibodies
- monocytes :: phagocytosis
98
Platelets secrete:
a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
thromboplastin
99
neutrophils secrete:
a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
meloperoxidase
100
basophils secrete:
a) thromboplastin
b) histaminase
c) meloperoxidase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
eosinophilic hemotactic
101
eosinophils secrete:
a) thromboplastin
c) meloperoxidase and histimase
d) major basic protein
e) eosinophilic hemotactic
meloperoxidase and histaimase
102
Where does hematopoesis occur in the embryo?
bone marrow, yolk sac, liver, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes
103
Where does hematopoesis occur after birth?
mostly in the bone marrow but also in lymphoid organs
104
What are characteristics of necrotic cells?
shrunken nucleus, swollen ER, enlarged cell volume, very acidophilic cytoplasm
105
What is the function of a zona occludens (tight junction)?
Prevent diffusion between cells
106
What is the function of intermediate junctions (zona adherens)?
anchors filaments to terminal web
107
What is the function of desmosomes (macula adherens)?
strong spot attachment between cells
108
What is the function of hemidesmosomes?
attaches the cell to the basal lamina
109
What is the function of the gap junction?
Allows passage of small molecules directly from one cell to another
110
The replacement of one cell with another is called...?
metaplasia
111
The alteration of size, shape and organization of cells is called...?
dysplasia
112
The increase in cell numbers is called...?
hyperplasia
113
The increase in cell size and organelles is called?
hypertrophy
114
The reversal of differentiation of cells is called...?
anaplasia
115
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - round nucleus
b) adipose cell - flat nucleus
c) osteoblast - cigar shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - kidney shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - bilobed
b) adipose cell - flat nucleus
116
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - kidney shaped nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - round euchromatic nucleus
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - bilobed
c) osteoblast - round euchromatic nucleus
117
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - kidney shaped nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - bilobed
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - small round nucleus
e) mast cell - small round nucleus
118
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - central nucleus
b) adipose cell - round nucleus
c) osteoblast - bilobed
d) plasma cell - cigar shaped nucleus
e) mast cell - kidney shaped nucleus
a) smooth muscle - central nucleus
119
Which is correctly paired?
a) smooth muscle - bilobed
b) adipose cell - central nucleus
c) osteoblast - cigar shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - round nucleus
e) mast cell - kidney shaped nucleus
d) plasma cell - round nucleus
120
Answer True or False. If false, give the correct description:
Eosinophils:
a) are agranulocytes
b) divided into hyalomere and granulomere
c) have nucleus with many lobes
d) contains granules with crystalline cores
e) are primarily active in the blood stream
a) are agranulocytes - FALSE. Eosinophils are granulocytes
b) divided into hyalmere and granulomere - FALSE. Platealets are divided into hyalomere and ganulomere
c) have nucleus with many lobes. - FALSE. Eosinophils have only two lobes. Neutrophils have many lobes
d) contains granules with crystalline cores - TRUE
e) are primarily active in the blood stream - False, also active in connective tissue.
121
Which of the following would not be present in a blood smear?
a) reticulocyte
b) plasma cell
c) monocyte
d) polymorphonuclear leukocyte
e) thrombocyte
b) plasma cell
122
What in a basophilic erythroblast makes it blue?
polyribosomes
123
Which vessel has longitudinally arranged muscle in tunica adventia?
Large Vein
124
Which vessel has the tunica adventia as the thickest layer with a loose periphery?
Small/median vein
125
Which vessel has a thick layer of elastic fenestrated sheets in tunica media with a little smooth muscle?
Elastic artery
126
Which vessel has a prominent internal elastic membrane?
muscular artery
127
Which vessel has a thick concentric layer of smooth muscles with elastic sheaths?
muscular artery
128
The vena cava is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?
A large vein with longitudinally arranged muscle in tunica adventia
129
The femoral vein is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?
small/median vein with tunica adventia as the thickest layer with a loose periphery
130
The ascending aorta is what type of vessel, which is characterized by what?
elastic artery; which has a thick layer of elastic fenestrated sheets in tunica media with a little smooth muscle
131
The femoral artery and brachial artery are what type of vessels, which is characterized by what?
Muscular arteries; which have a prominent internal elastic membrane and thick concentric layer of smooth muscles with elastic sheaths
132
Which of the following is an example of a pseudounipolar nerve?
a) parasympathetic ganglion
b) preganglionic sympathetcic
c) lower motor neuron
d) dorsal root ganglion
d) dorsal root ganglion
133
```
Which of the following is not a multipolar nerve?
.
a) parasympathetic ganglion
b) preganglionic sympathetcic
c) lower motor neuron
d) dorsal root ganglion
```
d) dorsal root ganglion
