Practice Test Questions (part 2)

Question 1

What type of nucleus does a ganglion cell have?

Answer 1

round and EUCHROMATIC nucleus

Question 2

What type of nucleus does a orthochromatic normoblast have?

Answer 2

small, pykontic (very condensed) dark and heterchromatic

Question 3

Which has more capillaries: loose connective tissue or dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 3

Loose connective tissue

Question 4

Which structures are primarily microtubules?

Answer 4

cilia, axoneme, basal bodies, flagellum of sperm

Question 5

What structures are primarily microfilaments?

Answer 5

microvilli, striated border, brush border, stereocilia

Question 6

What is appositional growth?

Answer 6

The secretion of new cartilage matrix along the surface of a pre-existing cartilage.

Occurs by ostoeoblasts from the periosteum

Question 7

What is interstitial growth?

Answer 7

The process of chondrocyte division, hypertrophy, osteoblast deposition and osteoclast resorption restricted to the end of bones.

Primarily due to chondrocyte division

Question 8

What is intracartilaginous growth?

Answer 8

laying down a layer of cartrilage and then having osteoblasts deposit bone on pieces of calcified cartilage while osteoclasts resorb the calcified cartilage to give new space

Question 9

The primary defect in osteoarthritis is the degeneration of…?

Answer 9

the articular cartilage.

Question 10

Arrange the following steps in order ofor endochondral ossification:

a) formation of a cartilage model
b) loss of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate
c) loss of osteocytes in the epiphyseal plate
d) invasion of a periosteal bud
e) formation a secondary ossification center

Answer 10

a) formation of a cartilage mode
d) invasion of a periosteal budl
e) formation a secondary ossification center
b) loss of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate

The following does not occur in endochondral ossification:
c) loss of osteocytes in the epiphyseal plate

Question 11

What is not present in an adult tooth, endothelial cells or ameloblasts?

Answer 11

Ameloblasts [grows enamel, only in kids]

Question 12

In a cross section, how can a cardiac muscle best be differentiated from smooth muscle?

Answer 12

A cardiac muscle has larger, more variable sized fibers.

Question 13

What is a primary lysosome?

Answer 13

newly formed, virgin lysosome

Question 14

What is secondary lysosome?

Answer 14

Vesicles formed after fusion of the primary lysosome with the membrane bound material to be destroyed.

Question 15

Can a satellite cell replicate?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Can an osteoblast replicate?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Can an endothelial cell replicate?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Can a fibroblast replicate?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Can a chondrocyte replicate?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What three cell types have very tightly coiled chromatin? What does this indicate about the cell?

Answer 20

Adipose, Mucous, and Goblet cells. Having very tightly coiled chromatin means they are inactive, or heterochromatic.

Question 21

What cell secretes antibodies? What is it derived from? What type of cytoplasm and nucleus does it have?

Answer 21

Plasma cells secrete antibodies. They are derived from B-Lymphocytes. They have a basophilic cytoplasm with a small round eccentric nucleus.

Question 22

What tissue can grow appositionally and interstitally?

Answer 22

only cartilage

Question 23

Where do osteoblasts differentiate from stem cells?

Answer 23

Volkmann’s canals, periosteum, marrow cavity, endosteum. Anywhere you can find osteoblasts.

Question 24

What large cell has a lobated, polyploid nucleus that can be found in bone marrow?

Answer 24

Megakaryocyte

Question 25

From what part of the germ layer do odontoblasts arise from?

Answer 25

neural crest cells

Question 26

From what part of the germ layer do Schwann cells arise from?

Answer 26

neural crest cells

Question 27

From what part of the germ layer do parasympathetic ganglion cells arise from?

Answer 27

neural crest cells

Question 28

From what part of the germ layer do mesenchymal cells arise from?

Answer 28

neural crest cells

Question 29

The axon hillock prevents ______ from entering the axon.

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

Severing the dorsal roots will result in damage to neurons whose cell bodies are located in the...?

Answer 30

spinal ganglia

Question 31

Severing the spinal cord will result in damage to neurons whose cell bodies are located in the...?

Answer 31

spinal ganglia and gray matter

Question 32

In peripheral nerves, what are the layers starting from the axon and going outward?

Answer 32

Axon --> myelin --> schwan cell nucleus/cytoplasm--> basal lamina--> endoneurim (fibroblast, CT)

Question 33

What does the serous gland of the Pancreas secrete?

Answer 33

Digestive enzymes like trypsinogens, chymotrypsinogen, amylase, lipase, deoxyribonuclease in inactive proenzyme form.

Question 34

What do the islets of the Pancreas secrete?

Answer 34

Beta cells - insulin (70%) alpha cells - glucagon (20%) delta cells - somatostatin PP cell - pancreatic polypeptide

Question 35

What type of capillaries are in the islets of langerhans?

Answer 35

fenestrated capillaries

Question 36

From which germ layer are the bones of the vertebral column from?

Answer 36

mesoderm

Question 37

From which germ layer are the bones of the cranial vault from?

Answer 37

ectoderm

Question 38

From which germ layer are the epithelial lining of the stomach from?

Answer 38

endoderm

Question 39

From which germ layer are the smooth muscle of the aorta from?

Answer 39

Mesoderm

Question 40

From which germ layer are leukocytes and erythrocytes from?

Answer 40

Mesoderm

Question 41

Where do developing erythroblasts take place?

Answer 41

bone marrow

Question 42

Where do developing leukocytes take place?

Answer 42

in the blood

Question 43

Which cell is normally present in a healthy individual's blood sample? why? a) plasma cell b) eosinophilic metamyelocyte c) neutrophilic band

Answer 43

c) Neutrophilic band Because there is always a low level present of neutrophils in the blood, even when the patient is healthy.

Question 44

What do smooth muscle fibers not have that skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers do?

Answer 44

T-tubules, terminal cisternae, multinucleated cells, sarcomeres, z-lines

Question 45

What are some characteristic features of smooth muscle fibers?

Answer 45

single nucleus per cell, intermediate filaments, pinocytotic vesicles, and cigar shaped nucleus

Question 46

Where are purkinje fibers located?

Answer 46

in the endocardium of the heart

Question 47

Describe purkinje fibers.

Answer 47

Located in the endocardium of the heart, purkinje fibers are large cells with abundant glycogen stores.

Question 48

Hepatocytes secrete conjugated bilirubin directly into what?

Answer 48

bile canaliculi.

Question 49

Arterioles in the liver portal triad dump into what?

Answer 49

liver sinusoids

Question 50

What do dense regular connective tissue and fibrocartilage have in common?

Answer 50

Both have Type I collagen fiber bundles

Question 51

What type of cytoplasm and nucleus does an orthochromatophilic normoblast have?

Answer 51

an acidophilic cytoplasm and a round, pyknotic nucleus

Question 52

What is the function of a muscle spindle? What neuron does it attach to?

Answer 52

Function - sensory receptor for muscle | Neuron attachment - Dorsal root ganglion.

Question 53

Do sympathetic ganglion attach to skeletal muscle?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

What do sympathetic ganglion attach to?

Answer 54

Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle and Glands

Question 55

What is a sinusoid?

Answer 55

A type of capillary