Practises Flashcards

Question

Disadvantages of variable practice

Answer 1

-leads to negative transfer -Can be time-consuming

Answer 2

-can lead to boredom or fatigue -the performer needs to be fit

Answer 3

She was a German former professional tennis player and she was ranked world’s number one and won 22 slam single titles. These titles put her second on the list of major wins in the female cometion since the introduction of the open era in 1968 and is the 3rd all time behind Margaret court and Serena Williams. She was seen practising her backhand slide across the court and hit over 200 shots to refine the technique- this is seen as massed practise as she knew it was needed.

Answer 4

This is the cognitive rehearsal of a skill without any physical movement and it can be used during a warm up or before an event. There’s 2 types and these are- Internal- involves the performer seeing themselves from within completing the action or in the situation and consequently creating a kinaesthetic feel of the actual movement External- involves the performer seeing themselves as if they were the spectator or on film, they actually imagine watching themselves performing the skill

Answer 5

-can control arousal - Helps clarify goals -Can lead to a reduction in anxiety -Stimulates nerve reactions in muscles -improves confidence -Can be done when injured or recovering -Increases your focus

Answer 6

-requires belief -Overthinking can lead to anxiety -incorrect knowledge can decrease performance -Not affective for simple skills -Requires effort -Can’t replace physical preparation

Answer 7

-It reduces anxiety making performers feel more relaxed -overcome problems helping the performer prepare for situations and find solutions -Build confidence allowing the performer to picture and feel success -Improve concentration focusing the performer on the task -Improving results developing automatic muscle responses

Answer 8

part practice method involves breaking down a complex skill into smaller, manageable components and practicing each part individually before combining them. Why Use Part Practice? • Ideal for complex, serial skills (skills made up of discrete actions). • Reduces the cognitive load, making it easier to master each segment. • Useful when the skill has high organization (the parts are closely linked), but breaking them down is still possible. Examples of Part Practice: 1. Gymnastics Routine (Complex Skill) • Breaking down a floor routine into smaller elements, like practicing a handspring separately from a backflip. 2. Tennis Serve (Serial Skill) • Practicing the toss, racket swing, and ball contact as separate components before putting them together. Advantages of Part Practice: • Builds confidence as athletes master one part at a time. • Allows for focused correction of specific errors. • Suits learners in the cognitive stage of learning (beginners). Disadvantages: • May reduce fluency when combining parts. • Less effective for continuous skills (like cycling) where breaking down is impractical.

Answer 9

the progressive part practice method (also known as chaining) involves practicing skill components separately and then gradually linking them together in a sequence. It’s a step-by-step process that helps learners build complex skills in a structured way. Why Use Progressive Part Practice? • Ideal for serial skills (skills made up of a series of movements) and complex skills where mastering each part separately aids understanding. • Reduces cognitive overload by allowing learners to focus on one part at a time. • Helps with skill fluency as parts are gradually integrated. How It Works: 1. Practice Part A until proficient. 2. Add Part B and practice A + B together. 3. Add Part C and practice A + B + C as a sequence. 4. Continue until the entire skill is practiced as a whole. Examples of Progressive Part Practice: 1. Triple Jump (Athletics) • Practice the hop phase until it’s fluent. • Add the step phase and practice hop + step. • Finally, include the jump and practice the complete hop + step + jump sequence. 2. Dance Routine (Complex Serial Skill) • Practice the first set of movements until confident. • Add the second set and practice both together. • Continue linking movements until the full routine is practiced. 3. Gymnastics Vault (Serial Skill) • Start with the run-up. • Add the take-off and practice run-up + take-off. • Include the flight phase and finally the landing, linking each phase progressively. Advantages of Progressive Part Practice: • Maintains accuracy while gradually improving fluency. • Builds confidence as learners master one part before progressing. • Suitable for learners in the associative stage of learning. Disadvantages: • Can be time-consuming, especially for skills with many parts. • The linking process may be challenging if parts differ significantly.

Answer 10

the whole practice method involves practicing a skill in its entirety rather than breaking it down into parts. This method is beneficial when the skill is simple, highly organized, or when breaking it down would disrupt the flow. Why Use Whole Practice? • Suitable for simple, continuous, or highly organized skills where the components are closely linked. • Helps develop a sense of the overall movement pattern and kinesthetic awareness. • Ideal for experienced athletes who already have some degree of coordination and skill proficiency. How It Works: • The skill is demonstrated and then practiced as a complete movement. • The focus is on maintaining the flow and rhythm of the skill. • Often used in situations where breaking down the skill would lose its meaning or continuity. Examples of Whole Practice: 1. Cycling (Continuous Skill) • Practicing riding a bike as a whole, rather than breaking it down into separate pedal and balance movements. 2. Golf Swing (Discrete Skill) • Practicing the complete swing motion in one go rather than isolating the backswing, downswing, and follow-through. 3. Cartwheel (Gymnastics) • Performing the entire cartwheel in one fluent motion rather than splitting it into hand placement, kick, and landing. Advantages of Whole Practice: • Develops fluency and a sense of the complete skill. • Maintains the rhythm and continuity of the movement. • Enhances kinaesthetic awareness, helping athletes feel the movement as a whole. • Suitable for advanced learners and autonomous stage performers. Disadvantages: • Can be overwhelming for beginners or when the skill is too complex. • Mistakes made during practice may become habitual without isolated correction. • Not ideal for dangerous or physically demanding skills.

Answer 11

the Whole-Part-Whole (WPW) practice method involves practicing the entire skill first, then isolating and improving specific parts, before returning to practicing the whole skill again. Why Use Whole-Part-Whole Practice? • Combines the benefits of whole practice (fluency and understanding of the skill) and part practice (focus on specific problem areas). • Ideal for skills that are complex or serial, where some parts may need extra attention. • Useful when athletes need to refine specific components without losing the sense of the complete movement. How It Works: 1. Whole: Practice the entire skill to assess overall performance and identify problem areas. 2. Part: Isolate and practice the specific component that needs improvement. 3. Whole: Integrate the improved part back into the full skill to ensure fluency. Examples of Whole-Part-Whole Practice: 1. Basketball Layup (Serial Skill) • Whole: Perform a full layup to observe technique. • Part: Focus on the footwork and jump if they are problematic. • Whole: Practice the complete layup again, incorporating improved footwork. 2. Tennis Serve (Complex Discrete Skill) • Whole: Execute the entire serve to identify weaknesses. • Part: Work specifically on the ball toss if it’s inconsistent. • Whole: Return to performing the complete serve, integrating the improved toss. 3. Swimming Stroke (Front Crawl) • Whole: Swim the full stroke to analyze technique. • Part: Practice the breathing technique separately if it disrupts rhythm. • Whole: Swim the full stroke again, now incorporating the improved breathing. Advantages of Whole-Part-Whole Practice: • Helps athletes understand the whole movement while still targeting weaknesses. • Maintains the flow and rhythm of the skill. • Suitable for learners in the associative stage who have some basic understanding but need to refine specific aspects. • Allows for skill correction without losing the context of the complete movement. Disadvantages: • Can be time-consuming, as it requires shifting between whole and part practice. • Some skills are difficult to break down, making the part stage less effective. • Not ideal for highly organized skills where the parts are tightly linked.