Pragmatics

Question 1

Linguistic Context

Answer 1

the conversation that precedes the phrase or sentence to be interpreted
-used to interpret pronouns, context/missing parts, articles

Question 2

Situational Context

Answer 2

knowledge about the world (who is speaking/listening/the objects) that can be used to interpret a sentence; the same sentence could be interpreted different ways depending on the context
ex. “its cold in here” could mean: it’s cold, shut the window, turn up the heat

Question 3

Social Context

Answer 3

information about the relationships between the people who are speaking and what their roles are

Question 4

Felicitous

Answer 4

situationally appropriate; relative to the context

Question 5

Cooperative Principle

Answer 5

an observation that people usually work together in a conversation

Question 6

What are Grice’s 4 Maxims of conversation?

Answer 6

1.Relevance (stay on topic) 2.Quality/Sincerity (don’t lie/gossip) 3.Quantity (not saying too much or too little) 4.Manner (avoid ambiguity/obscurity)

Question 7

(speaker makes an) Implicature

Answer 7

an idea that is communicated by the way language is used/what speakers know about language rather than what is directly entailed

Question 8

(listener makes an) Inference

Answer 8

the conclusion that is drawn from an implication/implicature

Question 9

Entailment

Answer 9

based on literal meaning; for any two sentences X and Y, X entails Y if whenever X is true, Y must be true as well

Question 10

Implication

Answer 10

idea that is transmitted indirectly (doesn’t have to be spoken)
ex. glancing at watch, silence, tapping foot, crossing arms

Question 11

Flouting the maxims

Answer 11

openly disregarding the maxims; used as a way to facilitate the conversation; expect the listener to understand
ex. Q. where is brandon? A. america’s next top model is on