pre ap world history final review Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
Q
when did the tokugawa shogunate exist
A
1600-1868
2
Q
what is foot binding
A
it was a practice that began in the han dynasty but really increased during the song dynasty. it is a classic example of patriarchy that was done to young girls, even though it greatly decreased their mobility and their independence, to the increase attractiveness to possible male marriage partners.
3
Q
-a practice that began in the han dynasty but really increased during the song dynasty
-a classic example of patriarchy the was done to young girls, even thought it greatly decreased their mobility and their independence, to the increase attractiveness to possible male marriage partners.
A
foot binding
4
Q
who had centralized power
A
-byzantine emperors(justinian)
-muslim caliphs
-west african kings(mansa musa)
-chinese emperors(yangdi)
-shoguns during the tokugawa shogunate
5
Q
what kind of power did byzantine emperors(justinian), muslim caliphs, west african kings(mansa musa), chinese emperors(yangdi), and shoguns during the tokugawa shogunate have
A
centralized power
6
Q
who had decentralized power
A
-kings in feudal europe
-princes in kievan rus
-shoguns in pre-tokugawa feudalism
7
Q
what kind of power did kings in feudal europe, princes in kievan rus, and shoguns in pre-tokugawa feudalism have
A
decentralized power
8
Q
where was urbanization most evident
A
china and the maya civilization
9
Q
what was most evident in chains and the maya civilization
A
urbanization
10
Q
what is one of the major factors that led to the decline of maya civilization
A
urbanization
11
Q
until the colombian exchange, the maya, aztec, and inca did not have what
A
horses or metal
12
Q
when did the maya, aztec, and inca not have horses and metal
A
before the colombian exchange
13
Q
what civilizations did not have horses or metal until the colombian exchange
A
the maya, aztec, and inca
14
Q
what were the strongest animals in the americas before the arrival of europeans
A
llamas
15
Q
where were llamas the strongest animals before the arrival of europeans
A
the americas
16
Q
llamas were the strongest animals in the americas before the arrival of who
A
europeans
17
Q
the americas had more ___ than europe and asia
A
calorically dense foods
18
Q
the americas had more calorically dense food than where
A
europe and asia
19
Q
europe and asia had less calorically dense food than where
A
the americas
20
Q
examples of calorically dense foods
A
maize and potatoes
21
Q
what are maize and potatoes examples of
A
calorically dense foods
22
Q
___ in asia which is very calorically dense
A
rice
23
Q
what food in asia is very calorically dense
A
rice
24
Q
where is rice very calorically dense
A
asia
25
what is the columbian exchange
-the exchange of new unknown products from the new world to the old world and the old world to the new world
-includes the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and foods
26
-the exchange of new unknown products from the new world to the old world and the old world to the new world
-includes the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and foods
columbian exchange
27
hub
the center of a network
28
the center of a network
hub
29
subjugate
to put under control or dominate over
30
to put under control or dominate over
subjugate
31
legitimize
to validate, show why it is correct, to prove it is the “real deal”(political legitimacy)
32
to validate, show why it is correct, to prove it is the “real deal”(political legitimacy)
legitimize
33
commercial
is connected to trade, for example commercial growth is growth in trade
34
is connected to trade, for example commercial growth is growth in trade
commerical
35
harem
separate part of a muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants
36
separate part of a muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants
harem
37
diaspora
people living away from their homelands
38
people living away from their homelands
diaspora
39
examples of disapora during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-muslims in the indian ocean
-chinese in southeast asia
-jews in the mediterranean
40
-muslims in the indian ocean
-chinese in southeast asia
-jews in the mediterranean
examples of diaspora during 600 ce to 1450 ce
41
interregional travelers during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-marco polo
-ibn battuta
-xuanzang
42
what does increased trade and goods bring
disease
43
languages used during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-bantu(swahili)
-turkic
-arabic
44
-bantu(swahili)
-turkic
-arabic
languages used during 600 ce to 1450 ce
45
migrations during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-bantu migrations
-polynesian migrations
46
-bantu migrations
-polynesian migrations
migrations during 600 ce to 1450 ce
47
examples of environmental knowledge and technological adaptation during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-viking longships
-arab/berber camels
-central asia horses
48
-marco polo
-ibn battuta
-xuanzang
interregional travelers during 600 ce to 1450 ce
49
-viking longships
-arab/berber camels
-central asia horses
examples of environmental knowledge and technological adaptation during 600 ce to 1450 ce
50
islam
-based on revelations to muhammad
-think of it as judaism 3.0
-mix of judaism, christianity, and zoroastrianism with the arab people of arabian peninsula
-spread militarily and via trade
51
-based on revelations to muhammad
-think of it as judaism 3.0
-mix of judaism, christianity, and zoroastrianism with the arab people of arabian peninsula
-spread militarily and via trade
islam
52
examples of new crops in new areas during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-bananas to africa
-new rice to east asia
-dar-al-islam and mediterranean trade spread sugar, cotton, and citrus
53
-bananas to africa
-new rice to east asia
-dar-al-islam and mediterranean trade spread sugar, cotton, and citrus
examples of new crops in new areas during 600 ce to 1450 ce
54
examples of cross cultural diffusion during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-neoconfucianism, hinduism, and buddhism to southeast asia
-islam to southeast asia and sub saharan africa
-printing and gunpowder from east asia to islamic empires and western europe
-greek and indian math to islamic empires to greek science and philosophy back to europe
55
-neoconfucianism, hinduism, and buddhism to southeast asia
-islam to southeast asia and sub saharan africa
-printing and gunpowder from east asia to islamic empires and western europe
-greek and indian math to islamic empires to green science and phi back to europe
examples of cross cultural diffusion during 600 ce to 1450 ce
56
what were the big four trade routes during 600 ce to 1450 ce
-silk road
-trans saharan
-mediterranean
-indian ocean
57
-silk road
-trans saharan
-mediterranean
-indian ocean
the big four trade routes during 600 ce to 1450 ce
58
the big four trade routes led to powerful new trading cities such as…
-novgorod
-melaka
-venice
-timbuktu
-swahili
-huangzhou
-calicut
-baghdad
-tenochitlan(built along new american routes)
-cahokia(built along new american routes)
59
-novgorod
-melaka
-venice
-timbuktu
-swahili
-huangzhou
-calicut
-baghdad
-tenochitlan(built along new american routes)
-cahokia(built along new american routes)
powerful new trading cities that were led by the big four trade routes
60
what luxury goods were spread along the big four trade routes
-silk
-cotton
-porcelain
-spices
-gems
-slaves
-exotic animals
61
-silk
-cotton
-porcelain
-spices
-gems
-slaves
-exotic animals
luxury goods were spread along the big four trade routes
62
what commercial tech aided the spread of luxury goods
-caravanserai(roadside inns)
-camel saddles(saddles for camels)
63
caravanserai
roadside inns
64
-caravanserai(roadside inns)
-camel saddles(saddles for camels)
commercial tech that aided the spread of luxury goods
65
what navigational tech aided the spread of luxury goods
-compass(from china)
-astrolabe(from hellenistic world)
-larger ship designs
66
-compass(from china)
-astrolabe(from hellenistic world)
-larger ship designs
navigational tech that aided the spread of luxury goods
67
where is the compass from
china
68
where is the astrolabe from
the hellenistic world
69
what economic tools facilitated the spread of luxury goods
-bills of exchange
-credit/checks/banks
-government coins/paper money
-trading organizations(hanseatic league)
-government commercial infrastructure
-grand canal
70
-bills of exchange
-credit/checks/banks
-government coins/paper money
-trading organizations(hanseatic league)
-government commercial infrastructure
-grand canal
economic tools that facilitated the spread of luxury goods
71
where were trading organizations from
the hanseatic league
72
trade expedited because of…
the spread of large empires
73
___ because of the spread of large empires
trade expedited
74
what two groups dominated politics during 600 ce to 1450 ce
islam and mongols
75
islam and mongols
the two groups dominated politics during 600 ce to 1450 ce
76
bantu
swahili
77
swahili
bantu
78
the big four trade routes led to powerful new trading cities such as…
-novgorod
-timbuktu
-swahili
-huangzhou
-calicut
-baghdad
-malaka
-venice
-tenochitlan(built along new american routes)
-cahokia(built along new american routes)
79
-novgorod
-timbuktu
-swahili
-huangzhou
-calicut
-baghdad
-malaka
-venice
-tenochitlan(built along new american routes)
-cahokia(built along new american routes)
powerful new trading cities that were led by the big four trade routes
80
what powerful new trading cities were built along new american routes
tenochitlan and cahokia
81
tenochitlan and cahokia
powerful new trading cities that were built along new american routes
82
what luxury goods were spread along the big four trade routes
-silk
-cotton
-porcelain
-spices
-gems
-slaves
-exotic animals
83
-silk
-cotton
-porcelain
-spices
-gems
-slaves
-exotic animals
luxury goods that were spread along the big four trade routes
84
what commercial tech aided the spread of new luxury goods
-caravanserai(roadside inns)
-camel saddles(saddles for camels)
85
caravanserai
roadside inns
86
roadside inns
caravanserai
87
-caravanserai(roadside inns)
-camel saddles(saddles for camels)
commercial tech that aided the spread of new luxury goods
88
what navigational tech aided the spread of new luxury goods
-compass(from china)
-astrolabe(from hellenistic world
-larger ship designs
89
-compass(from china)
-astrolabe(from hellenistic world
-larger ship designs
navigational tech that aided the spread of new luxury goods
90
where was the compass from
china
91
where was the astrolabe from
the hellenistic world
92
what navigational tech is from china
the compass
93
what navigational tech is from the hellenistic world
the astrolabe
94
what economic tools facilitated the spread of new luxury goods
-bills of exchange
-credit/checks/banks
-government coins/paper money
-trading organizations(hanseatic league)
-government commercial infrastructure
-grand canal
95
-bills of exchange
-credit/checks/banks
-government coins/paper money
-trading organizations(hanseatic league)
-government commercial infrastructure
-grand canal
economic tools that facilitated the spread of new luxury goods
96
where were trading organizations
the hanseatic league
97
what did the hanseatic league have
trading organizations
98
___ was expedited by the spread of large empires
trade
99
trade was expedited by ___
the spread of large empires
100
what two groups dominated the politics of 600 -1450
islam and mongols
101
islam and mongols
the two groups that dominated the politics of 600 - 1450
102
when did the islam group exist
661 - 1258 ce
103
what group exists from 661 - 1258 ce
the islam group
104
what did islamic expansion introduce
the caliphate
105
what introduced the caliphate
islamic expansion
106
islam
-caliphate(“domination of the caliph/successor)
-new form of government that took hold across north africa and west asia
-led by a succession of caliphs until 1358
-islamic groups: abbasids, delhi sultanate, muslim iberia(al-andalus)
-as the islamic arabs spread their dominance, they took on a great many persian influences
-“the persians rules for a thousand years and did not need us arabs even for a day. we have been ruling them for one or two centuries and cannot do without them for an hour.”
-islamic growth led to the european crusades
-key cultural transfer: abbasids with tang china
107
-caliphate(“domination of the caliph/successor)
-new form of government that took hold across north africa and west asia
-led by a succession of caliphs until 1358
-islamic groups: abbasids, delhi sultanate, muslim iberia(al-andalus)
-as the islamic arabs spread their dominance, they took on a great many persian influences
-“the persians rules for a thousand years and did not need us arabs even for a day. we have been ruling them for one or two centuries and cannot do without them for an hour.”
-islamic growth led to the european crusades
-key cultural transfer: abbasids with tang china
islam
108
when did the mongols group exist
1206 - 1368 ce
109
what group existed from 1206 -1368 ce
the mongols group
110
what did the pastoral people of central asia do
create the largest empire in the history of the planet that integrated both pastoral and agrarian people
111
who created the largest empire in the history of the planet that integrated both pastoral and agrarian people
the pastoral people of central asia
112
mongols
-the state form to focus on for the mongols is the khanate
-four khanates: golden horde(russia/eastern europe), khanate of the great khan(china/eastern asia), chagatai(central asia), ikhanate(middle east/persia/the illest khanate of them all)
-each began as an administrative unit ruled by a descendent of genghis khan(usually children/grandchildren)
-after his death, they fought/became independent
-“pax mongolica”
-era of peace controlled by the mongol empire
-transcontinental trade that reconstituted the old silk road
-disease/goods/animal/spices/paper/gunpowder/banking/printing
113
-the state form to focus on for the mongols is the khanate
-four khanates: golden horde(russia/eastern europe), khanate of the great khan(china/eastern asia), chagatai(central asia), ikhanate(middle east/persia/the illest khanate of them all)
-each began as an administrative unit ruled by a descendent of genghis khan(usually children/grandchildren)
-after his death, they fought/became independent
-“pax mongolica”
-era of peace controlled by the mongol empire
-transcontinental trade that reconstituted the old silk road
-disease/goods/animal/spices/paper/gunpowder/banking/printing
mongols
114
where is golden horde located
russia/eastern europe
115
where is the khanate of the great khan located
china/east asia
116
where is chagatai located
central asia
117
where is ikhanate located
the middle east/persia
118
what is the illest khanate of them
ikhanate
119
what is ilkhanate
the illest khanate of them
120
what khanate is located in russia/eastern europe
golden horde
121
what khanate is located in china/east asia
the khanate of the great khan
122
what khanate is located in central asia
chagatai
123
what khanate is located in the middle east/persia
ikhanate
124
when did the byzantine group exist
330 - 1450 ce
125
when did china exist
589 - 1279 ce
126
what did other major states demonstrate
remarkable continuity, innovation, and diversity
127
what demonstrated remarkable continuity, innovation, and diversity
other major states
128
byzantine
-eastern rome
-byzantine people refer to it as the roman empire
-justinian(briefly rebuilt the roman empire to old borders, justinian code, administrative system, divine and absolute emperor)
-elaborate bureaucracy
-christian empire
129
-eastern rome
-byzantine people refer to it as the roman empire
-justinian(briefly rebuilt the roman empire to old borders, justinian code, administrative system, divine and absolute emperor)
-elaborate bureaucracy
-christian empire
byzantine
130
china
-three dynasties
-sui dynasty(reunited, grand canal)
-tang dynasty(high point of chinese civilization, silk road, tribute, buddhist/confucian, cultural influence over japan and korea, printing)
-song dynasty(paper money, gunpowder, conquered by the mongols)
131
italian city states
-new government that replaced the old roman empire
-venice, milan, genoa, verona
-dominated mediterranean trade
-key trade between europe and asia
-later traded with ottoman empire
132
-three dynasties
-sui dynasty(reunited, grand canal)
-tang dynasty(high point of chinese civilization, silk road, tribute, buddhist/confucian, cultural influence over japan and korea, printing)
-song dynasty(paper money, gunpowder, conquered by the mongols)
china
133
-new government that replaced the old roman empire
-venice, milan, genoa, verona
-dominated mediterranean trade
-key trade between europe and asia
-later traded with ottoman empire
italian city states
134
feudal europe
-decentralized
-local feudal lords gained fealty over local people
-charlemagne
135
decentralized
-local feudal lords gained fealty over local people
-charlemagne
feudal europe
136
feudal japan
-mirrored europe
-daimyo=lord
-samurai=knights
137
-mirrored europe
-daimyo=lord
-samurai=knights
feudal japan
138
daimyo
lord
139
lord
daimyo
140
samurai
knights
141
knights
samurai
142
america
-state systems expanded in scope and strength
-similar to afro-europe
-maya(city states)
-aztec(empire based in central mexico, “mexica”)
-inca(andes mountains around peru, road system, inheritance system, quipu)
143
-state systems expanded in scope and strength
-similar to afro-europe
-maya(city states)
-aztec(empire based in central mexico, “mexica”)
-inca(andes mountains around peru, road system, inheritance system, quipu)
america
144
post classical interactions have…
major economic consequences
145
what has major economic consequences
post classical interactions
146
post classical production
-crop fields
-chinampas
-champa rice
-waru-waru
-terracing
-horse collars
-crops
147
-crop fields
-chinampas
-champa rice
-waru-waru
-terracing
-horse collars
-crops
post classical production
148
___ increase due to new technology
crop fields
149
crop fields ___ due to new technology
increase
150
crop fields increases due to ___
new technology
151
what did drought lead to
resistant quick growing rice
152
what caused resistant quick growing rice
drought
153
___ transported to similar climates
crops
154
crops transported to ___
similar climates
155
who increased exports
artisans and merchants
156
what did artisans and merchants do
increase exports
157
what cities had growth
-nomgorco
-timbuktu
-hangzhou
-calicut
-baghdad
-malacca
-venice
158
-nomgorco
-timbuktu
-hangzhou
-calicut
-baghdad
-malacca
-venice
cities that has growth
159
qualities of growth
-invasions cease
-safe trade/travel
-rise in commerce
-rise in temperature
-increase in agriculture
-more people/labor
160
-invasions cease
-safe trade/travel
-rise in commerce
-rise in temperature
-increase in agriculture
-more people/labor
qualities of growth
161
what cities had a downfall
-athens
-rome
-alexandria
-changan
-patalipultra
162
-athens
-rome
-alexandria
-changan
-patalipultra
cities that has a downfall
163
qualities of a downfall
-invasions
-diseases
-agricultural decline
-little ice age
164
-invasions
-diseases
-agricultural decline
-little ice age
qualities of a downfall
165
labor management changes
-free peasants
-nomadic pastoralist
-guilds
-coerced
-government labor taxes
-military obligations
166
-free peasants
-nomadic pastoralist
-guilds
-coerced
-government labor taxes
-military obligations
labor management changes
167
revolts
-free peasant revolts
-religious revolts(white lotus)
168
-free peasant revolts
-religious revolts(white lotus)
revolts
169
revolts have ___
little historical consequence
170
___ have little historical consequence
revolts
171
spread of religion lead to major changes such as…
-gender relations
-family structure
172
-gender relations
-family structure
major changes led by spread of religion
173
___ led to major changes
spread of religion
174
spread of religion led to ___
major changes
175
when did the post classical era exist
600 ce - 1450 ce
176
what existed from 600 ce - 1450 ce
the post classical era
177
who was islam founded by
muhammad
178
what did muhammad find
islam
179
when did muhammad exist
570 - 632
180
who existed from 570 - 632
muhammad
181
what is hijrah
muhammads flight from mecca to medina
182
muhammads flight from mecca to medina
hijrah
183
when did hijrah happen
622
184
what happened in 622
hijrah
185
allah
god
186
who is allahs prophet
muhammad
187
who is muhammad
allahs prophet
188
quran
muslim holy book
189
muslim holy book
quran
190
sharia
muslim law code
191
muslim law code
sharia
192
pilgrimage to mecca
hajj
193
hajj
pilgrimage to mecca
194
who is the one god islam believed in
allah
195
who believed in only allah
islam
196
five pillars of islam
-belief in one god: allah(faith)
-prayer five times a day while facing mecca
-charity and alms giving to the poor
-fasting during the holy month of ramadan
-the pilgrimage to mecca(hajj)
197
-belief in one god: allah(faith)
-prayer five times a day while facing mecca
-charity and alms giving to the poor
-fasting during the holy month of ramadan
-the pilgrimage to mecca(hajj)
five pillars of islam
198
after muhammads death
-the rightly guided caliphs
-the division of islam
-umayyad dynasty
-abbasid dynasty
-seljuk turks
-islam spread to south and southeast asia
199
-the rightly guided caliphs
-the division of islam
-umayyad dynasty
-abbasid dynasty
-seljuk turks
-islam spread to south and southeast asia
after muhammads death
200
the rightly guided caliphs
the first four successors to muhammad
201
the first four successors to muhammad
the rightly guided caliphs
202
what groups did islam divide into
sunni and shia(shiite)
203
shia
shiite
204
shiite
shia
205
why did the division of islam between sunni and shia(shiite) occur
the choice of caliph
206
what did the choice of caliph cause
the division of islam between sunni and shia(shiite)
207
when did the umayyad dynasty exist
661 - 750
208
what existed from 661 - 750
the umayyad dynasty
209
umayyad dynasty
-great territorial expansion of islam
-jihad
210
-great territorial expansion of islam
-jihad
umayyad dynasty
211
jihad
struggle for islam meaning “holy war”
212
struggle for islam meaning “holy war”
jihad
213
when did the abassid dynasty exist
750 - 1258
214
what existed from 750 - 1258
the abassid dynasty
215
abassid dynasty
-golden age of islam
-capital city of baghdad destroyed by the invading mongols
216
qualities of the golden age of islam
-thriving trade
-art
-architecture
-medicine
-literature
217
-thriving trade
-art
-architecture
-medicine
-literature
qualities of the golden age of islam
218
-golden age of islam
-capital city of baghdad destroyed by the invading mongols
abassid dynasty
219
art in islam
calligraphy and arabesques
220
calligraphy and arabesques
art is islam
221
medicine in islam
al-razi and ibn-sina
222
al-razi and ibn-sina
medicine in islam
223
when was the capital city of baghdad destroyed by the invading mongols
1258
224
what happened in 1258
the capital city of baghdad was destroyed by the invading mongols
225
what did invading mongols destroy
the capital city of baghdad
226
what was the capital city of baghdad destroyed by
invading mongols
227
what was the capital city of the abassid dynasty
baghdad
228
what was baghdad
the capital city of the abassid dynasty
229
seljuk turks
led by a sultan and fought against the christians in the crusades
230
led by a sultan and fought against the christians in the crusades
seljuk turks
231
example of a sultan
saladin
232
saladin
example of a sultan
233
islam spreading to south and southeast asia
-conflict often existed between muslims and hindus in south asia
-sufi
234
-conflict often existed between muslims and hindus in south asia
-sufi
islam spreading to south and southeast asia
235
sufi
a mystical sect of islam that spread islam to parts of south asia and much of southeast asia through peaceful means
236
a mystical sect of islam that spread islam to parts of south asia and much of southeast asia through peaceful means
sufi
237
geography of africa
-aftica has varied topography including mountains, deserts, savanna, and rainforest
-they also have many non-navigable rivers and a few good harbors with the exception of eastern africa
-unity was a major problem and created tremendous racial and cultural diversity though out the continent
238
-aftica has varied topography including mountains, deserts, savanna, and rainforest
-they also have many non-navigable rivers and a few good harbors with the exception of eastern africa
-unity was a major problem and created tremendous racial and cultural diversity though out the continent
geography of africa
239
deserts of africa
sahara and kalahari
240
sahara and kalahari
deserts of africa
241
savanna
grasslands
242
grasslands
savanna
243
griots
storytellers
244
storytellers
griots
245
griots
-much of traditional africa had no written records and instead maintained its histories through oral traditions that were passed down from generation to generation
-we know little about africa’s history because so many griots were killed in the slave trade
246
-much of traditional africa had no written records and instead maintained its histories through oral traditions that were passed down from generation to generation
-we know little about africa’s history because so many griots were killed in the slave trade
griots
247
east african kingdoms
-kush
-axum
-swahili city states
-all three traded items from the african interior exporting gold, ivory, timber, iron, and animal skins while importing silk, cotton, porcelain, and books
248
-kush
-axum
-swahili city states
-all three traded items from the african interior exporting gold, ivory, timber, iron, and animal skins while importing silk, cotton, porcelain, and books
east african kingdoms
249
kush
nubia
250
nubia
kush
251
where was kush located
the southern nile
252
what was located in the southern nile
kush
253
where was axum located
on the red sea
254
what was located on the red sea
axum
255
examples of swahili city states
-mogadishu
-kilwa
-zanzibar
256
-mogadishu
-kilwa
-zanzibar
examples of swahili city states
257
what were swahili city states dependent on
indian ocean trade
258
what was dependent on indian ocean trade
swahili city states
259
west african kingdoms
-ghana
-mali
-songhai
-established the trans saharan trade
-mansa musa made a famous pilgrimage to mecca and brought islamic culture back to his capital city of timbuktu
260
-ghana
-mali
-songhai
-established the trans saharan trade
-mansa musa made a famous pilgrimage to mecca and brought islamic culture back to his capital city of timbuktu
west african kingdoms
261
when did ghana exist
700 - 1000
262
what existed from 700 - 1000
ghana
263
when did mali exist
1200 - 1450
264
what existed from 1200 - 1450
mali
265
when did songhai exist
1450 - 1600
266
what existed from 1450 - 1600
songhai
267
trans saharan trade
desert trails that connected west africa and the mediterranean
268
desert trails that connected west africa and the mediterranean
trans saharan trade
269
what is the only reason the trans saharan trade was possible
the camel
270
the camel is…
the only reason trans saharan trade was possible
271
example of trade on the trans saharan trade
gold and salt trade
272
gold and salt trade
example of trade on the trans saharan trade
273
when did mansa musa make a famous pilgrimage to mecca
1324
274
what happened in 1324
mansa musa made a famous pilgrimage to mecca
275
who made a famous pilgrimage to mecca
mansa musa
276
southern africa
-bantu migrations
277
-bantu migrations
southern africa
278
bantu migrations
the movement of people from western africa to southern africa
279
the movement of people from western africa to southern africa
bantu migrations
280
___ can trace their ancestry back to a single tribe and language
bantu tribes
281
bantu tribes can trace their ___ back to a single tribe and language
ancestry
282
bantu tribes can trace their ancestry back to ___
a single tribe and language
283
religion in africa
-animism
-later islam was established throughout northern, western, and eastern africa
284
-animism
-later islam was established throughout northern, western, and eastern africa
religion in africa
285
animism
belief that spirits exist in all objects in nature
286
belief that spirits exist in all objects in nature
animism
287
the eastern half of the old roman empire
the byzantine empire
288
the byzantine empire
the eastern half of the old roman empire
289
capital city of the byzantine empire
constantinople
290
constantinople
capital city of the byzantine empire
291
factors of constantinople
-excellent location at crossroads for trade between europe, asia, and africa
-well protected by tremendous systems of walls and its location on a peninsula
292
-excellent location at crossroads for trade between europe, asia, and africa
-well protected by tremendous systems of walls and its location on a peninsula
factors of constantinople
293
factors of emperor justinian
-code of justinian
-hagia sophia
294
-code of justinian
-hagia sophia
factors of emperor justinian
295
when did emperor justinian exist
527 - 565
296
who existed from 527 - 565
emperor justinian
297
code of justinian
basis for european and american law
298
basis for european and american law
code of justinian
299
historical importance of the byzantine empire
-the eastern orthodox church developed after schism of 1054
-preserves the texts of ancient greece and rome
-greatly influenced russia
-art and architecture
-code of justinian
300
-the eastern orthodox church developed after schism of 1054
-preserves the texts of ancient greece and rome
-greatly influenced russia
-art and architecture
-code of justinian
historical importance of the byzantine empire
301
how did the byzantine empire greatly influence russia
eastern orthodoxy and the cyrillic alphabet
302
eastern orthodoxy and the cyrillic alphabet
how the byzantine empire greatly influenced russia
303
art during the byzantine empire
mosaics
304
mosaics
art during the byzantine empire
305
architecture during the byzantine empire
the hagia sophia
306
the hagia sophia
architecture during the byzantine empire
307
kievan rus
early russia
308
early russia
kievan rus
309
factors of kievan rus
-set up the 9th century by scandinavian traders and developed close ties with byzantium
-prince vladimir l converted the rus people to christianity
-declined due to squabbles among princes and because the decline of byzantium hurt their trade
-defeated by the mongols and became a tribute state to the golden horde
310
-set up the 9th century by scandinavian traders and developed close ties with byzantium
-prince vladimir l converted the rus people to christianity
-declined due to squabbles among princes and because the decline of byzantium hurt their trade
-defeated by the mongols and became a tribute state to the golden horde
factors of kievan rus
311
when did prince vladmir l exist
980 - 1015
312
who existed from 980 - 1015
prince vladmir l
313
what happened because kievan rus was defeated by the mongols and became a tribute state to the golden horde
russia became more connected to did and cut off from western europe
314
russia became more connected to did and cut off from western europe
what happened because kievan rus was defeated by the mongols and became a tribute state to the golden horde
315
medieval europe
-middle ages
-collapse of the roman empire
-charlemagne
-feudalism
-manorialism
-the medieval roman catholic church
-the crusades
-guilds
-black death
-the hundred years war
316
-middle ages
-collapse of the roman empire
-charlemagne
-feudalism
-manorialism
-the medieval roman catholic church
-the crusades
-guilds
-black death
-the hundred years war
medieval europe
317
middle ages
the time between ancient greece and rome(classical civilization) and early modern europe
318
the time between ancient greece and rome(classical civilization) and early modern europe
middle ages
319
when did the collapse of the roman empire occur
476 ad
320
what occurred in 476 ad
the collapse of the roman empire
321
factors of the collapse of the roman empire
-the loss of centralized government led to increased warfare, the end of law and order, and drastic decreases in education and trade
322
-the loss of centralized government led to increased warfare, the end of law and order, and drastic decreases in education and trade
factors of the collapse of the roman empire
323
when did charlemagne exist
768 - 814
324
who existed from 768 - 814
charlemagne
325
factors or charlemagne
-first great european king of the middle ages
-unified western europe by spreading christianity throughout his frankish empire and also revived learning
326
-first great european king of the middle ages
-unified western europe by spreading christianity throughout his frankish empire and also revived learning
factors of charlemagne
327
feudalism in medieval europe
-a social system that divided people into rigid social categories(kings, lords, lesser lords, serfs)
-a political ststem in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and loyalty to a greater lord
-vassals owed military service and loyalty to the person above them in the social hierarchy
328
-a social system that divided people into rigid social categories(kings, lords, lesser lords, serfs)
-a political ststem in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and loyalty to a greater lord
-vassals owed military service and loyalty to the person above them in the social hierarchy
feudalism in medieval europe
329
serfs
peasants
330
peasants
serfs
331
manorialism
the economic part of feudalism
332
the economic part of feudalism
manorialism
333
factors of manorialism in medieval europe
-an economic system of self-sufficient agricultural manors in which lords provided protection for the serfs and the serfs provided the lord with labor and a portion of their harvest
-feudalism and manorialism developed because people needed protection from the muslim, magyar, and viking invasions
334
-an economic system of self-sufficient agricultural manors in which lords provided protection for the serfs and the serfs provided the lord with labor and a portion of their harvest
-feudalism and manorialism developed because people needed protection from their the muslim, magyar, and viking invasions
factors of manorialism in medieval europe
335
the medieval roman catholic church
-most powerful and wealthy institution
-led by the pope
-its religious role was to provide sacraments and church services that the people felt were necessary for salvation
-its secular role included collecting tithes, being the center of education, operating church courts, enforcing church laws, and being europes largest landowner
-gothic architecture
336
-most powerful and wealthy institution
-led by the pope
-its religious role was to provide sacraments and church services that the people felt were necessary for salvation
-its secular role included collecting tithes, being the center of education, operating church courts, enforcing church laws, and being europes largest landowner
-gothic architecture
the medieval roman catholic church
337
why was the medieval roman catholic church the most powerful and wealthy institution
it provided unity, stability, and order
338
the medieval roman catholic church
provided unity, stability, and order meaning…
it is the most powerful and wealthy institution
339
example of sacraments
baptism
340
baptism
example of sacraments
341
salvation
heaven
342
heaven
salvation
343
tithes
taxes
344
taxes
tithes
345
courts
inquisition
346
inquisition
courts
347
gothic architecture
-flying buttresses
-ribbed vaulting
-pointed arches
-taller than romanesque
-thin walls with huge glass windows and great detail
348
-flying buttresses
-ribbed vaulting
-pointed arches
-taller than romanesque
-in walls with huge glass windows and great detail
gothic arhitectufe
349
example of gothic architecture
notre dame in paris
350
notre dame in paris
example of gothic architecture
351
the crusades
-attempts by european knights to recapture the holy land of christs birth from the muslims
-the christian’s failed
352
-attempts by european knights to recapture the holy land of christs birth from the muslims
-the christian’s failed
the crusades
353
the christian’s failed the crusades however…
-new products from the middle east and asia were introduced to europe
-trade developed between east and west
-led to a rise of the middle class and the growth of cities and towns
-feudalism declines as nobles lost power and kings gained it
354
-new products from the middle east and asia were introduced to europe
-trade developed between east and west
-led to a rise of the middle class and the growth of cities and towns
-feudalism declines as nobles lost power and kings gained it
reasons the christian’s did not fail
355
what products from the middle east and asia were introduced to europe during the crusades
spices, fabrics, perfumes
356
spices, fabrics, perfumes
products from the middle east and asia that were introduced to europe during the crusades
357
bourgeoisie
middle class
358
middle class
bourgeoisie
359
factors of guilds
-similar to unions
360
-similar to unions
factors of guilds
361
two types of guilds
merchant guilds and craft guilds
362
merchant guilds and craft guilds
two types of guilds
363
merchant guild
association of merchants who controlled all trade in a town
364
association of merchants who controlled all trade in a town
merchant guild
365
craft guild
-association of skilled workers who controlled all wages and prices and ensured standards of quality
-an apprentice became a journeyman and a journeyman became a master
366
-association of skilled workers who controlled all wages and prices and ensured standards of quality
-an apprentice became a journeyman and a journeyman became a master
craft guild
367
example of a craft guild
shoemaker
368
shoemaker
example of a craft guild
369
black death
bubonic plague
370
bubonic plague
black death
371
when did the black death exist
1346 - 1351
372
what existed from 1346 - 1351
the black death
373
effects of the black death
-an estimated 1/3 of europe’s population died
-many serfs won their freedom
-the power of the catholic church decreases because people lost faith
-increased anti-semitism
374
-an estimated 1/3 of europe’s population died
-many serfs won their freedom
-the power of the catholic church decreases because people lost faith
-increased anti-semitism
effects of the black death
375
anti-semitism
persecution of jews
376
persecution of jews
anti-semitism
377
when did the hundred years war occur
1337 - 1453
378
what existed from 1337 - 1453
the hundred years war
379
when did joan of arc exist
1412 - 1431
380
who existed from 1412 - 1431
joan of arc
381
factors of the hundred years’ war
-england vs france
-joan of arc became the commander of the french army and stopped the potential english takeover of france
-invention of the longbow and cannon changed warfare making knights and armor useless, this ends true feudalism and manorialism in europe
382
-england vs france
-joan of arc became the commander of the french army and stopped the potential english takeover of france
-invention of the longbow and cannon changed warfare making knights and armor useless, this ends true feudalism and manorialism in europe
factors of the hundred years’ war
383
when did the maya exist
300 - 900
384
who existed from 300 - 900
the maya
385
factors of the maya
-polytheistic
-agrarian society based in maize found in central america
-city-states went into unexplained serious decline sound 800 ad
-achievements: glyphs, calendar, pyramids, mathematics, astronomy
386
-polytheistic
-agrarian society based in maize found in central america
-city-states went into unexplained serious decline sound 800 ad
-achievements: glyphs, calendar, pyramids, mathematics, astronomy
factors of the maya
387
when did city states in the maya go into serious decline
800 ad
388
what happened in 800 ad
city states in the maya went into serious decline
389
agrarian
agriculture
390
agriculture
agrarian
391
glyphs
writing
392
writing
glyphs
393
example of a pyramid
chichen itza
394
chichen itza
example of a pyramid
395
when did the aztecs exist
1200 - 1535
396
who existed from 1200 - 1535
the aztecs
397
factors of the aztecs
-polytheistic
-agrarian society: maize, found in modern day mexico
-achievements: pyramids, aqueducts, chinampas
398
-polytheistic
-agrarian society: maize, found in modern day mexico
-achievements: pyramids, aqueducts, chinampas
factors of the aztecs
399
where was modern day mexico located
central america
400
when did the incas exist
1200 - 1535
401
who existed from 1200 - 1535
the incas
402
factors of the incas
-polytheistic
-located in the andes mountains in modern day peru
-achievements: pyramids, unified their empire with roads, terrace farming, machu picchu, quipu
403
-polytheistic
-located in the andes mountains in modern day peru
-achievements: pyramids, unified their empire with roads, terrace farming, machu picchu, quipu
factors of the incas
404
the incas unified their empire with roads like ___
rome
405
the incas ___ like rome
unified their empire with roads
406
the incas used terrace farming like ___
japan and china
407
the incas ___ like japan and china
used terrace farming
408
when did the tang dynasty exist
618 - 907
409
what existed from 618 - 907
the tang dynasty
410
when did the song dynasty exist
960 - 1279
411
what existed from 960 - 1279
the song dynasty
412
when was the era of division
230 - 589 ce
413
what existed from 230 - 589 ce
the era of division
414
factors of the era of division
-time period following the collapse of the han characterized by wars and nomadic invasions
-political and social life declined
415
-time period following the collapse of the han characterized by wars and nomadic invasions
-political and social life declined
factors of the era of division
416
when did the sui dynasty exist
581 - 618 ce
417
what existed from 581 - 618 ce
the sui dynasty
418
factors of the sui dynasty
-construction of the grand canal
-1200 miles in length linked northern china(millet) to southern china(rice)
419
-construction of the grand canal
-1200 miles in length linked northern china(millet) to southern china(rice)
factors of the sui dynasty
420
___ is located in northern china
millet
421
millet is located in ___
northern china
422
___ is located in southern china
rice
423
rice is located in ___
southern china
424
before the tang and song dynasties
-era of division
-sui dynasty
425
-era of division
-sui dynasty
before the tang and song dynasties
426
the tang and song dynasties
-golden ages of chinese culture, innovation, and arts
-developed a powerful and well organized bureaucracy based on the civil service examinations, jinshi became elite members of society
-urbanization
-early tong rulers patronized buddhism, but under later tang rulers and song rulers, neo confucianism rose to become the central ideology and philosophy
-contending nomadic tribes like the khitan, tangut, and jurchens to the north established rival kingdoms that economically drained the song and eventually it was conquered by the Mongols
427
-golden ages of chinese culture, innovation, and arts
-developed a powerful and well organized bureaucracy based on the civil service examinations, jinshi became elite members of society
-urbanization
-early tong rulers patronized buddhism, but under later tang rulers and song rulers, neo confucianism rose to become the central ideology and philosophy
-contending nomadic tribes like the khitan, tangut, and jurchens to the north established rival kingdoms that economically drained the song and eventually it was conquered by the Mongols
the tang and song dynasties
428
golden ages of chinese culture, innovation, and arts
-moveable type
-gunpowder
-compass
-vaccinations
-abacus
-poetry
-landscape painting
-porcelain
429
urbanization of china
-largest cities in the world
-changan had over 2 million people
-huangzhou had over 1.5 million people
430
-largest cities in the world
-changan had over 2 million people
-huangzhou had over 1.5 million people
urbanization of china
431
japan
-nara period
-heian period
-japanese feudalism
-tokugawa shogunate
-religion and philosophy
432
-nara period
-heian period
-japanese feudalism
-tokugawa shogunate
-religion and philosophy
japan
433
geography of japan
-archipelego
-80%-85% mountainous
-dependent on the sea
-many ideas came to japan and china across the korean peninsula
434
-archipelego
-80%-85% mountainous
-dependent on the sea
-many ideas came to japan and china across the korean peninsula
geography of japan
435
___ acts as a bridge for cultural diffusion
the korean peninsula
436
the korean peninsula acts as a ___ for cultural diffusion
bridge
437
the korean peninsula acts as a bridge for ___
cultural diffusion
438
examples of ideas that came to japan from china across the korean peninsula
buddhism and confucianism
439
buddhism and confucianism
examples of ideas that came to japan from china across the korean peninsula
440
___ being 80%-85% mountainous led to terrace farming
japan
441
japan being ___ led to terrace farming
80%-85% mountainous
442
japan being 80%-85% mountainous led to ___
terrace farming
443
when did the nara period exist
710 - 794 ce
444
what existed from 710 - 794 ce
the nara period
445
factors of the nara period
japanese government and culture was heavily influenced by china
446
japanese government and culture was heavily influenced by china
factors of the nara period
447
when did the heian period exist
794 - 1185 ce
448
what existed from 794 - 1185 ce
the heian period
449
factors of the heian period
-elaborate and extremely refined court rituals and elegant and sophisticated culture developed
-lady murasaki shikibu wrote the tale of gengi
450
-elaborate and extremely refined court rituals and elegant and sophisticated culture developed
-lady murasaki shikibu wrote the tale of gengi
factors of the heian period
451
archipelago
a chain of islands
452
a chain of islands
archipelago
453
archipelago in japan
-kyushu
-shikoku
-honshu
-hokkaido
454
-kyushu
-shikoku
-honshu
-hokkaido
archipelago in japan
455
the tale of gengi
the worlds first novel
456
the worlds first novel
the tale of gengi
457
japanese feudalism
-emperor rules at the top as a figurehead
-the shogun is the military ruler and gives land to his daimyo in exchange for loyalty and military service
-daimyo hire sumurai to fight for them
-commoners were at the bottom of the social hierarchy
-samurai code of honor is called bushido, if it is broken, a samurai must commit seppuku
458
-emperor rules at the top as a figurehead
-the shogun is the military ruler and gives land to his daimyo in exchange for loyalty and military service
-daimyo hire sumurai to fight for them
-commoners were at the bottom of the social hierarchy
-samurai code of honor is called bushido, if it is broken, a samurai must commit seppuku
japanese feudalism
459
___ has no real power
a figurehead
460
a figurehead has ___
no real power
461
emperor of japan
yamato imperial family
462
yamato imperial family
emperor of japan
463
daimyo
lords
464
lords
daimyo
465
samurai
warriors
466
warriors
samurai
467
commoners
craftsmen, peasants, merchants
468
craftsmen, peasants, merchants
commoners
469
samurai code of honor
bushido
470
bushido
samurai code of honor
471
when did the tokugawa shogunate exist
1600 - 1868
472
what existed from 1600 - 1868
the tokugawa shogunate
473
factors of the tokugawa shogunate
-brought peace and order to japan
-centralized feudalism- used the hostage system to enforce loyalty and suppress rebellion
-in 1629 the shogun closed japan off to all outsiders
474
-brought peace and order to japan
-centralized feudalism- used the hostage system to enforce loyalty and suppress rebellion
-in 1629 the shogun closed japan off to all outsiders
factors of the tokugawa shogunate
475
how the tokugawa shogunate used centralized feudalism
kept the families of his daimyo as hostages at his headquarters
476
kept the families of his daimyo as hostages at his headquarters
how the tokugawa shogunate used centralized feudalism
477
example of isolationism in japan
in 1639 the shogun closed japan off to all outsiders
478
in 1639 the shogun closed japan off to all outsiders
example of isolationism in japan
479
religion and philosophy in japan
shinto, zen buddhism, and confucianism
480
shinto, zen buddhism, and confucianism
religion and philosophy in japan
481
shinto
the belief in spirits called kami
482
the belief in spirits called kami
shinto
483
kami
spirits
484
spirits
kami
485
zen buddhism
popular with samurai
486
popular with samurai
zen buddhism
487
mongol empire
-largest land empire ever created
-mongols are warrior people from the steppes of asia
-nomadic pastoralists who relied on their animals for milk and meat
-genghis khan
-after genghis khans death the empire was divided between into four khanates
-yuan dynasty
488
-largest land empire ever created
-mongols are warrior people from the steppes of asia
-nomadic pastoralists who relied on their animals for milk and meat
-genghis khan
-after genghis khans death the empire was divided between into four khanates
-yuan dynasty
mongol empire
489
warrior people
excellent horsemen
490
excellent horsemen
warrior people
491
steppes
grasslands
492
grasslands
steppes
493
when did genghis khan exist
1162 - 1227
494
who existed from 1162 - 1227
genghis khan
495
factors of genghis khan
-unified the mongols
-great military conqueror who is legendary for his cruelty
496
-unified the mongols
-great military conqueror who is legendary for his cruelty
factors of genghis khan
497
yuan
mongol
498
mongol
yuan
499
when did the yuan dynasty exist
1279 - 1368
500
what existed from 1279 - 1368
the yuan dynasty
