pre pregnancy nutrition

Question 0

Folate deficiency

Answer 0

Neural tube defects

Question 1

Nutritional status before becoming pregnant…

Answer 1

Affects pregnancy outcome and long term health of mom and baby

Question 2

Iron deficiency

Answer 2

Risk of anemia in mom and baby

Question 3

Full term pregnancy

Answer 3

38-42 weeks

Question 4

First trimester

Answer 4

Conception to 13 weeks

Development of organs, limb buds, facial features, and placenta

Question 5

Second trimester

Answer 5

Week 14 to 27
Continued development of organ systems
Growth from three inches to one foot long by end

Question 6

Third trimester

Answer 6

28 week to 40
Fetus gains three quarters of its weight in this time
Brain growth extensive

Question 7

When does neural tube close

Answer 7

By 4 weeks

Question 8

Teratogens

Answer 8

Alcohol and drugs 
Tobacco 
Medications 
Caffeine
Supplements and herbs

Question 9

Recommended weight gain

Answer 9

Depends of pre pregnancy BMI

Question 10

Women with “normal” BMI should gain…

Answer 10

3-5 lbs in the first trimester and about a pound per week in the 2nd and 3rd trimester

Question 11

How much calorie increase?

Answer 11

15% for someone who consumes a 2,000 kcal

Question 12

How much more protein should pregnant women eat?

Answer 12

25 g/day

Question 13

Percent of calories from fat increase to?

Answer 13

The percentage of calories obtained from fat should not change during pregnancy

Question 14

Micronutrients most critical during pregnancy

Answer 14

Folate 
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Calcium 
Iron 
zinc 
Sodium 
Iodine

Question 15

Excess vitamin A

Answer 15

Can cause birth defects

Question 16

RDA for vitamin D

Answer 16

Does not increase during pregnancy (600 IU)

Question 17

Calcium increase?

Answer 17

Same as for non pregnant women (1000 mg)

Calcium is absorption is more efficient during pregnancy

Question 18

Iron increase needs

Answer 18

By 50%

27 mg/day

Question 19

Zinc

Answer 19

Needed for DNA and RNA

38% increase (11 mg)

Question 20

Sodium

Answer 20

Does not increase for pregnancy women

Question 21

Iodine

Answer 21

Iodine needs increase

220

Question 22

What does not need to be increased during pregnancy?

Answer 22

Vitamin D
Calcium
Sodium

Question 23

Fluids during pregnancy

Answer 23

Increased to 3 liters per day

Question 24

Gestational diabetes

Answer 24

Insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance that increases blood glucose levels during pregnancy

Question 25

Risk with Gestational Diabetes

Answer 25

Risk of delivering a large baby
Risk of delivering preterm
Increased risk of child being overweight and metabolic syndrome later in life, lead to type 2 diabetes
40-60% increased risk for mom developing type 2
42% more likely to have a child with autism

Question 26

Smoking and drug use

Answer 26

Increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, placental abnormalities, preterm delivery, and low birth weight

Question 27

Lactating women caloric consumption for first 6 months

Answer 27

330 kcal above their prepregnancy weight

Question 28

Second six months lactating women

Answer 28

Extra 400 kcal above prepregnancy

Question 29

How much protein for lactating women?

Answer 29

15-20 grams of protein

Question 30

How much more carbohydrates during lactation?

Answer 30

80 g

Question 31

How many calories should could from fat for infants?

Answer 31

40-50%

Question 32

What vitamins are important for infants?

Answer 32

Iron, vitamin D, zinc, fluoride, and iodide needs are a concern

Question 33

How much do infants grow?

Answer 33

10 inches in length and triple their weight in the first year

Question 34

When should babies start being fed solid food?

Answer 34

6 months

Question 35

Formulas

Answer 35

Tightly regulated by federal government