Pregnancy

Question 1

The diaphragm is pushed up by…

Answer 1

4cm

Question 2

Tidal volume increases by ….

Answer 2

30-50%

Question 3

Respiratory rate increased to…

Answer 3

15-17

Question 4

Minute ventilation increases by….

Answer 4

20-50%

Question 5

Cardiac output increases from

Answer 5

5L/min to 7L/min

Question 6

Stroke volume increases from….

Answer 6

65ml to 80-90ml

Question 7

Heart rate increases from…

Answer 7

75 to 85-90bpm

Question 8

Systemic vascular resistance…

Answer 8

Decreases (down by as much as 40%)

Mediates effects of vasoconstrictors (angiotensin and vasopressin)

Question 9

When is blood pressure the lowest

Answer 9

2nd trimester

Question 10

Oxygen consumption….

Answer 10

Increases by 20%

Question 11

What percentage experience back pain

Answer 11

60%

Question 12

The centre of mass moves…

Answer 12

Anteriorly

Question 13

Breasts enlarge by….

Answer 13

40%

Question 14

Physical changes (body mass, metabolic rate, pelvis)

Answer 14

Increased body mass and metabolic rate
Pelvic tilt and muscle activation

Question 15

What happens to vasopressin

Answer 15

Vasopressin release increases = water retention

Question 16

Iodine

Answer 16

Deficiency (redirected to foetus)

Question 17

Cortisol secretion….

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Relaxin….

Answer 18

Increases (causes joint laxity)

Question 19

Percentage of people who experience nausea and vomiting?

Answer 19

50-90%

Question 20

Intragastric pressure….

Answer 20

Increases due to upward displacement

Question 21

What metabolic fuel is favoured?

Answer 21

Lipolysis - preserving glucose & amino acids for use by foetus

Question 22

Protein catabolism…..

Answer 22

Decreases

Question 23

When is peak calcium demand?

Answer 23

3rd trimester

Question 24

Exercise during pregnancy: concerns for foetus

Answer 24

Decreased uterine blood flow
Foetal hyperthermia
Utero-placental 02 deficiency
Hypoglycemia (compromise maternal/foetal glucose)
Mechanical stress and trauma
Increased stress hormone in circulation

Question 25

Exercise during pregnancy: concerns for mother

Answer 25

Increased relaxin Hypoglycemia Osteitis pubis Weakened pelvic floor muscles Increased stress hormones in circulation Linea alba ciruclation

Question 26

Exercise during pregnancy: concerns for mother

Answer 26

Increased relaxin Hypoglycemia Osteitis pubis Weakened pelvic floor muscles Increased stress hormones in circulation Linea alba separation

Question 27

Strong recommendation for women to exercise if they were....

Answer 27

Previously inactive

Question 28

Gestational diabetes - Exercise?

Answer 28

Weak recommendation

Question 29

How much exercise should pregnant people do? Duration & frequency

Answer 29

150 minutes (minimum 3 days - being active everyday is encouraged)

Question 30

Type of exercise

Answer 30

Aerobic and resistance

Question 31

Why is pelvic floor training recommended

Answer 31

Can reduce the odds of urinary incontinence

Question 32

True or false - pregnant women who experience light headedness, nausea or feel unwell when they exercise on their back should avoid the supine position

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

True or false - water based exercise and pregnancy specific classes are safe for pregnant women

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

First trimester intensity of exercise

Answer 34

60-80% (12-14 Borg scale)

Question 35

Aerobic training for sedentary women

Answer 35

55-60% V02max, 3-5x/wk, 20 mins, weight bearing

Question 36

Active women

Answer 36

55-60% V02max, 5x/wk, 60 minutes

Question 37

Third trimester exercise

Answer 37

Non-weight bearing Low-moderate intensity or low volume weight bearing

Question 38

Absolute contraindication

Answer 38

Ruptured membrane Premature labour Unexplained persistent vaginal bleeding Placenta praevia after 28 weeks gestation Pre-eclampsia incompetent cervix Intra uterine growth restriction High order multiple pregnancy (eg triplets) Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled thyroid disease

Question 39

Relative contraindication

Answer 39

Recurrent pregnancy loss Gestational diabetes A history of spontaneous pre-term birth Mild/moderate cardiovascular/respiratory disease Symptomatic anaemia Malnutrition Eating disorder Twin pregnancy after the 28th week

Question 40

At what week should is it considered a relative contraindication to exercise during a twin pregnancy

Answer 40

28 weeks

Question 41

Activities to avoid

Answer 41

Valsalva manoeuvre Motionless standing after the first trimester Sports that carry a higher risk of falling/abdominal injury Lying on back for long periods Hot yoga

Question 42

Post-birth

Answer 42

Possible trauma during delivery Pelvic floor muscles affected Ligaments remain soft/compliant Reduced fitness Breast feeding Possible bleeding for 4-6 weeks Sleep deprivation

Question 43

Post birth 0-3 weeks

Answer 43

Walking, abdominal brace and pelvic floor

Question 44

Post birth 3-8 weeks

Answer 44

Can add low impact aerobic and resistance exercise

Question 45

Post birth 8-12 weeks

Answer 45

Gradually increase exercise intensity and duration

Question 46

Post birth 12-16 weeks

Answer 46

Consider checking with physio to ensure pelvic floor and abdominals are strong enough to recommence high load weight bearing activity eg running/jumping