Pregnancy and Perinatal Health

Question 1

what factors affect fertility

Answer 1

age
smoking
BMI
exercise
drugs
folic acid
alcohol

Question 2

what is early pregnancy timed from

Answer 2

the date of conception

Question 3

when does the embryo implant into the uterus

Answer 3

day 8 or 9

Question 4

what is the first trimester

Answer 4

up to 12 weeks

Question 5

what is the second trimester

Answer 5

12-28 weeks

Question 6

what is the third trimester

Answer 6

28-40 weeks

Question 7

what is part of the extra weight gain for a mother during pregnancy

Answer 7

blood and fluid - this is important to prevent too much blood loss during delivery

Question 8

what does the increased oestrogen and progesterone levels in pregnancy act on

Answer 8

kidney to increase renin secretion
increased salt and water retention
increase plasma volume (dilutes Hb)

Question 9

what occurs due to increased abdominal pressure in pregnancy

Answer 9

GORD

Question 10

what are the effects of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in pregnancy

Answer 10

reduced peripheral resistance
reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure
compensatory increase in heart rate

Question 11

what vascular structures are compressed by uterus

Answer 11

vena cava and aorta
difficulty with venous return when supine

Question 12

why is there higher turnover of fibrinolysis and clotting factor production

Answer 12

coagulation system has increased sensitivity so any complications during delivery can be addressed

Question 13

what should you not eat during pregnancy

Answer 13

raw meat/ fish
raw eggs/ non-pastuerised milk
fish with high mercury content
spicy, grilled and fried food

Question 14

when does zygote become an embryo

Answer 14

week 4

Question 15

when does embryonic circulation start to develop

Answer 15

week 6

Question 16

when is an embryo termed a foetus

Answer 16

week 10

Question 17

what structures develop in second trimester

Answer 17

hair, nails, tonenails, eyelids

Question 18

when do specialised senses start to function

Answer 18

week 20

Question 19

what is the placenta

Answer 19

connects foetus and mother - but foetal and mother circulation do not mix, they are situated in close proximity for nutrients to diffuse through

Question 20

what are the four stages of labour

Answer 20

induction of labour
first stage
second stage
third stage

Question 21

what are aids to delivery

Answer 21

forceps
ventoux
caesarean section

Question 22

what is screened for in the first trimester

Answer 22

establish dates of pregnancy
number of foetuses
diagnose ectopic pregnancy
chronic and infectious diseases

Question 23

what is the mother screened for

Answer 23

hypertension
diabetes
rubella
syphilis
hep C
HIV

Question 24

what is screened for in the 2nd trimester

Answer 24

amniocentesis (if wished)
check foetal anatomy for abnormalities

Question 25

what are the tests done for foetal testing in the first trimester

Answer 25

neuchal translucency maternal hCG PAPP-P

Question 26

what tests are completed in second trimester

Answer 26

AFP

Question 27

what tests is the baby exposed to after birth

Answer 27

blood spot phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, CF, sickle cell disease

Question 28

what is an APGAR score

Answer 28

tested 1 minute and five minutes after birth - should be an increase in score activity pulse grimace appearance respiration

Question 29

what are the dental affects of pregnancy

Answer 29

cost drugs in dentistry will also affect foetus pregnancy gingivitis patient lying on chair