Pregnancy Determination

Question 0

Describe the chorionic villi of the sow.

Answer 0

Uniform distribution of chorionic villi covering surface of chorion

Question 1

Placentome?

Answer 1

Fetal cotyledons and maternal caruncles

Question 2

What are the three zones of a zonary placenta?

Answer 2

1) transfer
2) pigmented
3) allantochorion

Question 3

Which zone of a zonary placenta has regions of maternal hemorrhage and necrosis?

Answer 3

Pigmented zone

Question 4

What restraints would you use for a dairy rectal examination?

Answer 4

In stanchions or work chute without head gates

Question 5

What restraints would you use in beef cattle for a rectal examination?

Answer 5

In a catch chute with a side opening behind the chute (individually) or several at a time in a long chute separated by bars

Question 6

What 5 structures would you palmate for in a rectal exam?

Answer 6

Uterus, ovary, cervix, fetus and amnion, pulse of pregnancy

Question 7

What is the most important structure that is palpated in a rectal exam?

Answer 7

Uterus

Question 8

Which structure is the one that most of your diagnosis will be based on it and its contents?

Answer 8

Uterus

Question 9

Which factor of the uterus is slightly increased before pregnancy and very large immediately after birth?

Answer 9

Size

Question 10

Which factor of the uterus is particularly noted in making differential diagnosis?

Answer 10

Thickness of the wall

Question 11

Which factor of the uterus is turgid during estrus and post parturient; and relaxed during pregnancy and other stages if the estrous cycle?

Answer 11

State of tenseness or relaxation

Question 12

Which factor of the uterus describes gently picking up and compressing either horn of the uterus and gently sliding fingers off the horn to feel fetal membranes slip between the thumb and fingers?

Answer 12

Slippage of membranes

Question 13

When can you feel the cotyledons?

Answer 13

100 days to term

Question 14

When should you feel dorsal bulging?

Answer 14

30-50 days

Question 15

The ovaries are palpatable up to __ days.

Answer 15

120

Question 16

Pregnancy is confirmed when the CL lies where?

Answer 16

On the side adjacent to conceptus

Question 17

What two things confirm that the cow is open?

Answer 17

Absence of CL or presence of Graafian follicle

Question 18

Which structure during palpation is chiefly a landmark and easy to palpate?

Answer 18

Cervix

Question 19

Which structure is used to locate other structures?

Answer 19

Cervix

Question 20

What factor of the cervix indicates the stage of pregnancy?

Answer 20

Size and position

Question 21

Which structure is the most diagnostic?

Answer 21

Fetus and amnion

Question 22

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

Answer 22

60 days and after

Question 23

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

Answer 23

120

Question 24

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

Answer 24

5.5-7.5

Question 25

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

Answer 25

Day 30

Question 26

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

Answer 26

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging 2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling 3) slippage of membranes

Question 27

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

Answer 27

1-1.3cm in size

Question 28

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

Answer 28

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5" in diameter) 2) dorsal bulging more pronounced 3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg 4) slip membranes

Question 29

Pyrometra?

Answer 29

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

Question 30

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

Answer 30

1) slip membranes in both horns 2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water 3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), uterus is too large to be confused with metritis

Question 31

At 90 days, what are two factors considered important for diagnosis?

Answer 31

1) fetus can be palpated (usually the head) | 2) differentiate from a mummified fetus

Question 32

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

Answer 32

60 days and after

Question 33

At 120 days, what factor is considered most important for diagnosis?

Answer 33

Can palpate the fetus

Question 34

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

Answer 34

120

Question 35

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

Answer 35

5.5-7.5

Question 36

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

Answer 36

Day 30

Question 37

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

Answer 37

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging 2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling 3) slippage of membranes

Question 38

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

Answer 38

1-1.3cm in size

Question 39

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

Answer 39

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5" in diameter) 2) dorsal bulging more pronounced 3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg 4) slip membranes

Question 40

Pyrometra?

Answer 40

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

Question 41

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

Answer 41

1) slip membranes in both horns 2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water 3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis

Question 42

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

Answer 42

60 days and after

Question 43

How can you differentiate between a mummified fetus?

Answer 43

The uterus is contracted around the fetal remains ad there is no fluid present with a mummified fetus

Question 44

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

Answer 44

120

Question 45

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

Answer 45

5.5-7.5

Question 46

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

Answer 46

Day 30

Question 47

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

Answer 47

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging 2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling 3) slippage of membranes

Question 48

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

Answer 48

1-1.3cm in size

Question 49

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

Answer 49

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5" in diameter) 2) dorsal bulging more pronounced 3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg 4) slip membranes

Question 50

Pyrometra?

Answer 50

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

Question 51

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

Answer 51

1) slip membranes in both horns 2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water 3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis

Question 52

At ___ days you can palpate the fetus.

Answer 52

60 days and after

Question 53

At which day will the middle uterine artery have enlarged sufficiently to detect differences between pregnant and non-pregnant animals?

Answer 53

120

Question 54

During which month range is the pulse of pregnancy most important?

Answer 54

5.5-7.5

Question 55

During which stage of pregnancy are diagnoses subject to considerable and only detected by those extremely experienced?

Answer 55

Day 30

Question 56

What three factors of the uterus are considered most useful in diagnosis at day 30?

Answer 56

1) slight enlargement of one horn with dorsal bulging 2) thinning of the wall, fluid filled feeling 3) slippage of membranes

Question 57

What size will the amnion be at day 30?

Answer 57

1-1.3cm in size

Question 58

At 45 days, what are the 4 factors most considered in diagnosis?

Answer 58

1) greater differences in size of pregnant and non-pregnant horns (2-2.5" in diameter) 2) dorsal bulging more pronounced 3) the amnion will be the size of a small hen egg 4) slip membranes

Question 59

Pyrometra?

Answer 59

Pus in uterus but cervical seal intact

Question 60

At day 60, what are the 3 factors considered most useful in diagnosis?

Answer 60

1) slip membranes in both horns 2) uterus feels like a balloon full of water 3) differential diagnosis: uterus thick with pyometra (can be pushed from one horn to another), metritis

Question 61

At day 90, what two factors are considered most useful in diagnosis?

Answer 61

1) fetus can be palpated - usually the head | 2) differentiate from mummified fetus

Question 62

Mummified fetus?

Answer 62

The uterus is contracted around the fetal remains and there is no fluid present with a mummified fetus.

Question 63

At 120 days (4 months), what is the most considered factor used in diagnosis?

Answer 63

Can palpate fetus

Question 64

At 5 months, what 3 factors are considered most important for diagnosis?

Answer 64

1) distinct cotyledons - size of ovaries 2) fetus will be well formed. May have to reach for it 3) good pulse of pregnancy. Artery will be 1/4 - 1/2" in diameter

Question 65

At 5.5 - 7.5 months pregnant, what three factors are considered most important for diagnosis?

Answer 65

1) cotyledons will be variable in size 2) fetus may not be palpatable 3) good pulse of pregnancy. Artery will be 1/2" in diameter

Question 66

At 8 months, what is the key factor considered most important in diagnosis?

Answer 66

Fetus will be back in palpation range