Pregnancy Diagnosis

Question 1

When is palpation of the abdomen effective in dogs for pregnancy diagnosis?

Answer 1

24 to 35d
(string of pearls)

Question 2

What are the 4 positive signs of pregnancy in cattle?

Answer 2

Palpation of the amnionic vesicle
Fetal membrane slip
Palpation of a placentome (cotyledon/caruncle) - can estimate stage of gestation
Palpation of the fetus - can estimate stage of gestation

Question 3

What are the 3 positive signs of pregnancy in the horse?

Answer 3

Fetal bulge
Fetal movement
Increased tone in uterus and cervix

Question 4

When can abdominal ultrasonography detect pregnancy in small animals?

Answer 4

19-20d = amnionic vesicles
23-28d = heart beat
Cannot determine number

Question 5

When can transrectal ultrasonography detect pregnancy in large animals?

Answer 5

11d = embryos
25d = heart beat

Question 6

When can fetal sex determination be performed?

Answer 6

59-79d after ovulation
Position of genital tubercle identified

Question 7

What endocrine test can be used for small animal pregnancy diagnosis?

Answer 7

Relaxin in second half of pregnancy

Question 8

Complete absence of progesterone =

Answer 8

Incompatible with pregnancy

Question 9

What endocrine tests can be used for pregnancy diagnosis in mares?

Answer 9

Early pregnancy factor
Equine chorionic gonadotropin
Estrogens
Relaxin

Question 10

What other tests can be used to diagnose pregnancy in small animals?

Answer 10

Acute phase proteins
Fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin from 3w - 4w onward